Tech Arsenal 1/Tech Arsenal (Arsenal Computer).ISO/tek-20/pools.zip/EL4A.ASC

Text File | 1991-06-20 | 144KB | 3,984 lines

4AA-1.1 What are the frequency privileges authorized to the
Advanced operator in the 75-meter wavelength band?
   A. 3525 kHz to 3750 kHz and 3775 kHz to 4000 kHz
   B. 3500 kHz to 3525 kHz and 3800 kHz to 4000 kHz
   C. 3500 kHz to 3525 kHz and 3800 kHz to 3890 kHz
   D. 3525 kHz to 3775 kHz and 3800 kHz to 4000 kHz

4AA-1.2 What are the frequency privileges authorized to the
Advanced operator in the 40-meter wavelength band?
   A. 7000 kHz to 7300 kHz
   B. 7025 kHz to 7300 kHz
   C. 7025 kHz to 7350 kHz
   D. 7000 kHz to 7025 kHz

4AA-1.3 What are the frequency privileges authorized to the
Advanced operator in the 20-meter wavelength band?
   A. 14000 kHz to 14150 kHz and 14175 kHz to 14350 kHz
   B. 14025 kHz to 14175 kHz and 14200 kHz to 14350 kHz
   C. 14000 kHz to 14025 kHz and 14200 kHz to 14350 kHz
   D. 14025 kHz to 14150 kHz and 14175 kHz to 14350 kHz

4AA-1.4 What are the frequency privileges authorized to the
Advanced operator in the 15-meter wavelength band?
   A. 21000 kHz to 21200 kHz and 21250 kHz to 21450 kHz
   B. 21000 kHz to 21200 kHz and 21300 kHz to 21450 kHz
   C. 21025 kHz to 21200 kHz and 21225 kHz to 21450 kHz
   D. 21025 kHz to 21250 kHz and 21270 kHz to 21450 kHz

4AA-2.1 What is meant by automatic retransmission from a repeater
station?
   A. The repeater is actuated by a received electrical signal
   B. The repeater is actuated by a telephone control link
   C. The repeater station is actuated by a control operator
   D. The repeater station is actuated by a call sign sent in
Morse code

4AA-2.2 What is the term for the operation of a repeater whereby
the repeater station is actuated solely by the presence of a
received signal through electrical or electromechanical means,
without any direct, positive action by the control operator?
   A. Simplex retransmission
   B. Manual retransmission
   C. Linear retransmission
   D. Automatic retransmission

4AA-2.3 Under what circumstances, if any, may an amateur station
automatically retransmit programs or the radio signals of other
amateur stations?
   A. Only when the station licensee is present
   B. Only if the station is a repeater or space station
   C. Only when the control operator is present
   D. Only during portable operation

4AA-2.4 Which of the following stations may not be automatically
controlled?
   A. A station transmitting control signals to a model craft
   B. A station in beacon operation
   C. A station in auxiliary operation
   D. A station in repeater operation

4AA-3.1 What is meant by repeater operation?
   A. An amateur radio station employing a phone patch to pass
third-party communications
   B. An apparatus for effecting remote control between a control
point and a remotely controlled station
   C. Manual or simplex operation
   D. Radio communications in which amateur radio station signals
are automatically retransmitted

4AA-3.2 What is a closed repeater?
   A. A repeater containing control circuitry that limits
repeater access to certain users
   B. A repeater containing no special control circuitry to limit
access to any licensed amateur
   C. A repeater containing a transmitter and receiver on the
same frequency, a closed pair
   D. A repeater shut down by order of an FCC District Engineer-
in-Charge

4AA-3.3 What frequencies in the 10-meter wavelength band are
available for repeater operation?
   A. 28.0-28.7 MHz
   B. 29.0-29.7 MHz
   C. 29.5-29.7 MHz
   D. 28.5-29.7 MHz

4AA-3.4 Which of the following repeater operating and technical
parameters are ++++not++++ the responsibility of the area frequency
coordinator?
   A. The repeater effective radiated power
   B. The repeater transmit and receive frequencies
   C. The repeater Height Above Average Terrain (HAAT)
   D. The repeater call sign

4AA-3.5 What frequencies in the 23-cm wavelength band are
available for repeater operation?
   A. 1270-1300 MHz
   B. 1270-1295 MHz
   C. 1240-1300 MHz
   D. Repeater operation is not permitted in the 23-cm wavelength
band

4AA-3.6 What is an open repeater?
   A. A repeater that does not contain control circuitry that
limits repeater access to certain users
   B. A repeater available for use only by members of a club or
repeater group
   C. A repeater that continuously transmits a signal to indicate
that it is available for use
   D. A repeater whose frequency pair has been properly
coordinated

4AA-3.7 What frequencies in the 6-meter wavelength band are
available for repeater operation?
   A. 51.00-52.00 MHz
   B. 50.25-52.00 MHz
   C. 52.00-53.00 MHz
   D. 51.00-54.00 MHz

4AA-3.8 What frequencies in the 2-meter wavelength band are
available for repeater operation?
   A. 144.50-145.50 and 146-148.00 MHz
   B. 144.50-148.00 MHz
   C. 144.75-146.00 and 146-148.00 MHz
   D. 146.00-148.00 MHz

4AA-3.9 What frequencies in the 1.25-meter wavelength band are
available for repeater operation?
   A. 220.25-225.00 MHz
   B. 220.50-225.00 MHz
   C. 221.00-225.00 MHz
   D. 223.00-225.00 MHz

4AA-3.10 What frequencies in the 0.70-meter wavelength band are
available for repeater operation?
   A. 420.0-431, 433-435 and 438-450 MHz
   B. 420.5-440 and 445-450 MHz
   C. 420.5-435 and 438-450 MHz
   D. 420.5-433, 435-438 and 439-450 MHz

4AA-4.1 What is meant by auxiliary station operation?
   A. Radio communication from a location more than 50 miles from
that indicated on the station license for a period of more than
three months
   B. Remote control of model airplanes or boats using
frequencies above 50.1 MHz
   C. Remote control of model airplanes or boats using
frequencies above 29.5 MHz
   D. Transmission of communications point-to-point within a
system of cooperating amateur stations

4AA-4.2 What is one use for a station in auxiliary operation?
   A. Point-to-point radio communications within a system of
cooperating amateur stations
   B. Remote control of model craft
   C. Passing of international third-party communications
   D. The retransmission of NOAA weather broadcasts

4AA-4.3 A station in auxiliary operation may only communicate
with which stations?
   A. Stations in the public safety service
   B. Other amateur stations within a system of cooperating
amateur stations
   C. Amateur radio stations in space satellite operation
   D. Amateur radio stations other than those under manual
control

4AA-4.4 What frequencies are authorized for stations in auxiliary
operation?
   A. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 432-433
MHz and 436-438 MHz
   B. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-432
MHz and 435-437 MHz
   C. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-433
MHz and 435-438 MHz
   D. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 430-432
MHz and 434-437 MHz

4AA-5.1 What is meant by ++++remote control++++ of an amateur radio
station?
   A. Amateur communications conducted from a specific
geographical location other than that shown on the station
license
   B. Automatic operation of a station from a control point
located elsewhere than at the station transmitter
   C. An amateur radio station operating under automatic control
   D. A control operator indirectly manipulating the operating
adjustments in the station through a control link

4AA-5.2 What is one responsibility of a control operator of a
station under remote control?
   A. Provisions must be made to limit transmissions to no more
than 3 minutes if the control link malfunctions
   B. Provisions must be made to limit transmissions to no more
than 4 minutes if the control link malfunctions
   C. Provisions must be made to limit transmissions to no more
than 5 minutes if the control link malfunctions
   D. Provisions must be made to limit transmissions to no more
than 10 minutes if the control link malfunctions

4AA-5.3 If the control link for a station under remote control
malfunctions, there must be a provision to limit transmission to
what time length?
   A. 5 seconds
   B. 10 minutes
   C. 3 minutes
   D. 5 minutes

4AA-5.4 What frequencies are authorized for radio remote control
of an amateur radio station?
   A. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 432-433
MHz and 436-438 MHz
   B. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-432
MHz and 435-437 MHz
   C. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-433
MHz and 435-438 MHz
   D. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 430-432
MHz and 434-437 MHz

4AA-5.5 What frequencies are authorized for radio remote control
of a station in repeater operation?
   A. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 432-433
MHz and 436-438 MHz
   B. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-432
MHz and 435-437 MHz
   C. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 430-432
MHz and 434-437 MHz
   D. All amateur frequency bands above 220.5 MHz, except 431-433
MHz and 435-438 MHz

4AA-6.1 What is meant by ++++automatic control++++ of an amateur radio
station?
   A. The use of devices and procedures for control so that a
control operator does not have to be present at a control point
   B. Radio communication for remotely controlling another
amateur radio station
   C. Remotely controlling a station such that a control operator
does not have to be present at the control point at all times
   D. The use of a control link between a control point and a
remotely controlled station

4AA-6.2 How do the responsibilities of the control operator of a
station under automatic control differ from one under local
control?
   A. Under local control, there is no control operator
   B. Under automatic control, a control operator is not required
to be present at a control point
   C. Under automatic control, there is no control operator
   D. Under local control, a control operator is not required to
be present at the control point at all times

4AA-6.3 Which of the following amateur stations may be operated
by automatic control?
   A. Stations without a control operator
   B. Stations in repeater operation
   C. Stations under remote control
   D. Stations controlling model craft

4AA-7.1 What is a control link?
   A. The automatic-control devices at an unattended station
   B. An automatically operated link
   C. The remote control apparatus between a control point and a
remotely controlled station
   D. A transmission-limiting timing device

4AA-7.2 What is the term for apparatus to effect remote control
between the control point and a remotely controlled station?
   A. Tone link
   B. Wire control
   C. Remote control
   D. Control link

4AA-8.1 What is meant by local control?
   A. The use of a control operator who directly manipulates the
operating adjustments
   B. The OSCAR satellite transponder
   C. A carrier operated relay system
   D. The use of a portable handheld to turn on or off the
repeater

4AA-8.2 Who may be the control operator of an auxiliary station?
   A. Any amateur operator
   B. Any Technician, General, Advanced or Amateur Extra class
operator
   C. Any General, Advanced or Amateur Extra class operator
   D. Any Advanced or Amateur Extra class operator

4AA-9.1 How may a repeater station be identified?
   A. By a burst of digitized information
   B. Only voice may be used for identification
   C. By CW or voice
   D. Only CW may be used for identification

4AA-9.2 When a repeater station is identified in Morse code using
an automatic keying device, what is the maximum code speed
permitted?
   A. 13 words per minute
   B. 30 words per minute
   C. 20 words per minute
   D. There is no limitation

4AA-9.3 How often must a beacon station be identified?
   A. Every eight minutes
   B. Only at the end of the series of transmissions
   C. At the beginning of a series of transmissions
   D. At least once every ten minutes during and at the end of
activity

4AA-9.4 When may a repeater be identified using digital codes?
   A. Any time that particular code is used for at least part of
the communication
   B. Digital identification is not allowed
   C. Only voice may be allowed
   D. No identification is needed in digital transmissions

4AA-10.1 When is prior FCC approval required before constructing
or altering an amateur station antenna structure?
   A. When the antenna structure violates local building codes
   B. When the height above ground will exceed 200 feet
   C. When an antenna located 23000 feet from an airport runway
will be 150 feet high
   D. When an antenna located 23000 feet from an airport runway
will be 100 feet high

4AA-10.2 What must an amateur radio operator obtain from the FCC
before constructing or altering an antenna structure more than
200 feet high?
   A. An Environmental Impact Statement
   B. A Special Temporary Authorization
   C. Prior approval
   D. An effective radiated power statement

4AA-11.1 Without special FCC approval, what maximum height above
ground level (excluding airport proximity effects) is permitted
for any amateur antenna support structure, including the
radiating elements, tower, supports, etc.?
   A. 46 m (150 feet)
   B. 61 m (200 feet)
   C. 76 m (250 feet)
   D. 91 m (300 feet)

4AA-11.2 From what government agencies must permission be
obtained if you wish to erect an amateur antenna structure that
exceeds 200 feet above ground level?
   A. Federal Aviation Administration and Federal Communications
Commission
   B. Environmental Protection Agency and Federal Communications
Commission
   C. Federal Aviation Administration and Environmental
Protection Agency
   D. Environmental Protection Agency and National Aeronautics
and Space Administration

4AA-12.1 Which of the following types of amateur communications
is ++++not++++ a "prohibited transmission" as defined in Part 97?
   A. Transmission of messages into a disaster area for hire or
for material compensation
   B. Transmissions ensuring safety on a highway, such as calling
a commercial tow truck service
   C. Transmission of communications that facilitate the regular
business or commercial affairs of any party
   D. Transmission of communications concerning moving, supplying
and quartering participants in a charity event as long as the
sponsoring charity is the principal beneficiary of such
communications, not the public

4AA-12.2 May an amateur operator inform other amateur operators
of the availability of apparatus for sale or trade over the
airwaves?
   A. You are not allowed to sell or trade equipment on the air
   B. You are allowed to derive a profit by buying or selling
equipment on the air on a regular basis
   C. This is a permissible activity if the apparatus can
normally be used at an amateur station and is not done for profit
by the offering individual on a regular basis
   D. This is allowed only if you also give the serial number of
the equipment

4AA-12.3 Under what conditions, if any, may communications be
transmitted to a commercial business by an amateur station?
   A. When the total remuneration does not exceed 25
   B. When the control operator is employed by the FCC
   C. When transmitting international third-party communications
   D. When the immediate safety of human life or immediate
protection of property is involved

4AA-13.1 What are the only types of messages that may be
transmitted to an amateur station in a foreign country?
   A. Supplies needed, on a routine schedule
   B. Emergency messages or business messages
   C. Business messages or messages of a technical nature
   D. Personal remarks, tests, or messages of a technical nature

4AA-13.2 What are the limitations on international amateur radio
communications regarding the types of messages transmitted?
   A. Emergency communications only
   B. Technical or personal messages only
   C. Business communications only
   D. Call sign and signal reports only

4AA-14.1 Under what circumstances, if any, may amateur operators
accept payment for using their own stations (other than a club
station) to send messages?
   A. When employed by the FCC
   B. When passing emergency traffic
   C. Under no circumstances
   D. When passing international third-party communications

4AA-14.2 Under what circumstances, if any, may the licensee of an
amateur station in repeater operation accept remuneration for
providing communication services to another party?
   A. When the repeater is operating under portable power
   B. When the repeater is under local control
   C. During Red Cross or other emergency service drills
   D. Under no circumstances

4AA-15.1 Who is responsible for preparing an Element 1(A)
telegraphy examination?
   A. The volunteer examiners or a qualified supplier
   B. The FCC
   C. The VEC
   D. Any Novice licensee

4AA-15.2 What must the Element 1(A) telegraphy examination prove?
   A. The applicant's ability to send and receive text in
international Morse code at a rate of not less than 13 words per
minute
   B. The applicant's ability to send and receive text in
international Morse code at a rate of not less than 5 words per
minute
   C. The applicant's ability to send and receive text in
international Morse code at a rate of not less than 20 words per
minute
   D. The applicant's ability to send text in international Morse
code at a rate of not less than 13 words per minute

4AA-15.3 Which telegraphy characters are used in an Element 1(A)
telegraphy examination?
   A. The letters A through Z, 0/ through 9, the period, the
comma, the question mark, AR, SK, BT and DN
   B. The letters A through Z, 0/ through 9, the period, the
comma, the open and closed parenthesis, the question mark, AR,
SK, BT and DN
   C. The letters A through Z, 0/ through 9, the period, the
comma, the dollar sign, the question mark, AR, SK, BT and DN
   D. A through Z, 0/ through 9, the period, the comma, and the
question mark

4AA-16.1 Who is responsible for preparing an Element 2 written
examination?
   A. The FCC
   B. Any Novice licensee
   C. The volunteer examiners or a qualified supplier
   D. The VEC

4AA-16.2 Where do volunteer examiners obtain the questions for
preparing an Element 2 written examination?
   A. They must prepare the examination from material contained
in the ++++ARRL Handbook++++ or obtain a question set from the FCC
   B. They must prepare the examination from material contained
in a question pool maintained by the FCC in Washington
   C. They must prepare the examination from material contained
in a question pool maintained by the local FCC field office
   D. They must prepare the examination from a common question
pool maintained by the VECs or obtain a question set from a
supplier

4AA-17.1 Who is eligible for administering an examination for the
Novice operator license?
   A. An amateur radio operator holding a General, Advanced or
Extra class license and at least 18 years old
   B. An amateur radio operator holding a Technician, General,
Advanced or Extra class license and at least 18 years old
   C. An amateur radio operator holding a General, Advanced or
Extra class license and at least 16 years old
   D. An amateur radio operator holding a Technician, General,
Advanced or Extra class license and at least 16 years old

4AA-17.2 Within how many days after the administration of a
successful Novice examination must the examiners submit the
application to the FCC?
   A. Within one week of the administration date
   B. Within 10 days of the administration date
   C. Within 5 days of the administration date
   D. Within 30 days of the administration date

4AA-17.3 Where must the completed Form 610 be submitted after the
administration of a successful Novice examination?
   A. To the nearest FCC Field Office
   B. To the FCC in Washington, DC
   C. To the FCC in Gettysburg, PA
   D. To any VEC

4AA-18.1 What is the minimum passing score on a written
examination element for the Novice operator license?
   A. A minimum of 19 correct answers
   B. A minimum of 22 correct answers
   C. A minimum of 21 correct answers
   D. A minimum of 24 correct answers

4AA-18.2 How many questions must an Element 2 written examination
contain?
   A. 25
   B. 50
   C. 40
   D. 30

4AA-18.3 In a telegraphy examination, how many characters are
counted as one word?
   A. 2
   B. 5
   C. 8
   D. 10

4AA-19.1 What is the minimum age to be a volunteer examiner?
   A. 16 years old
   B. 21 years old
   C. 18 years old
   D. 13 years old

4AA-19.2 Under what circumstances, if any, may volunteer
examiners be compensated for their services?
   A. Under no circumstances
   B. When out-of-pocket expenses exceed 25
   C. The volunteer examiner may be compensated when traveling
over 25 miles to the test site
   D. Only when there are more than 20 applicants attending the
examination session

4AA-19.3 Under what circumstances, if any, may a person whose
amateur station license or amateur operator license has ever been
revoked or suspended be a volunteer examiner?
   A. Under no circumstances
   B. Only if five or more years have elapsed since the
revocation or suspension
   C. Only if 3 or more years have elapsed since the revocation
or suspension
   D. Only after review and subsequent approval by the VEC

4AA-19.4 Under what circumstances, if any, may an employee of a
company which is engaged in the distribution of equipment used in
connection with amateur radio transmissions be a volunteer
examiner?
   A. If the employee is employed in the amateur radio sales part
of the company
   B. If the employee does not normally communicate with the
manufacturing or distribution part of the company
   C. If the employee serves as a volunteer examiner for his/her
customers
   D. If the employee does not normally communicate with the
benefits and policies part of the company

4AA-20.1 What are the penalties for fraudulently administering
examinations?
   A. The VE's amateur station license may be suspended for a
period not to exceed 3 months
   B. The VE is subject to a monetary fine not to exceed 500 for
each day the offense was committed
   C. The VE's amateur station license may be revoked and the
operator's license suspended
   D. The VE may be restricted to administering only Novice class
license examinations

4AA-20.2 What are the penalties for administering examinations
for money or other considerations?
   A. The VE's amateur station license may be suspended for a
period not to exceed 3 months
   B. The VE is subject to a monetary fine not to exceed 500 for
each day the offense was committed
   C. The VE will be restricted to administering only Novice
class license examinations
   D. The VE's amateur station license may be revoked and the
operator's license suspended

4AB-1.1 What is ++++facsimile++++?
   A. The transmission of characters by radioteletype that form a
picture when printed
   B. The transmission of still pictures by slow-scan television
   C. The transmission of video by amateur television
   D. The transmission of printed pictures for permanent display
on paper

4AB-1.2 What is the modern standard scan rate for a facsimile
picture transmitted by an amateur station?
   A. The modern standard is 240 lines per minute
   B. The modern standard is 50 lines per minute
   C. The modern standard is 150 lines per second
   D. The modern standard is 60 lines per second

4AB-1.3 What is the approximate transmission time for a facsimile
picture transmitted by an amateur station?
   A. Approximately 6 minutes per frame at 240 lpm
   B. Approximately 3.3 minutes per frame at 240 lpm
   C. Approximately 6 seconds per frame at 240 lpm
   D. 1/60 second per frame at 240 lpm

4AB-1.4 What is the term for the transmission of printed pictures
by radio?
   A. Television
   B. Facsimile
   C. Xerography
   D. ACSSB

4AB-1.5 In facsimile, how are variations in picture brightness
and darkness converted into voltage variations?
   A. With an LED
   B. With a Hall-effect transistor
   C. With a photodetector
   D. With an optoisolator

4AB-2.1 What is ++++slow-scan++++ television?
   A. The transmission of Baudot or ASCII signals by radio
   B. The transmission of pictures for permanent display on paper
   C. The transmission of moving pictures by radio
   D. The transmission of still pictures by radio

4AB-2.2 What is the scan rate commonly used for amateur slow-scan
television?
   A. 20 lines per minute
   B. 15 lines per second
   C. 4 lines per minute
   D. 240 lines per minute

4AB-2.3 How many lines are there in each frame of an amateur
slow-scan television picture?
   A. 30
   B. 60
   C. 120
   D. 180

4AB-2.4 What is the audio frequency for black in an amateur slow-
scan television picture?
   A. 2300 Hz
   B. 2000 Hz
   C. 1500 Hz
   D. 120 Hz

4AB-2.5 What is the audio frequency for white in an amateur slow-
scan television picture?
   A. 120 Hz
   B. 1500 Hz
   C. 2000 Hz
   D. 2300 Hz

4AC-1.1 What is a ++++sporadic-E++++ condition?
   A. Variations in E-layer height caused by sunspot variations
   B. A brief increase in VHF signal levels from meteor trails at
E-layer height
   C. Patches of dense ionization at E-layer height
   D. Partial tropospheric ducting at E-layer height

4AC-1.2 What is the propagation condition called where scattered
patches of relatively dense ionization develop seasonally at E
layer heights?
   A. Auroral propagation
   B. Ducting
   C. Scatter
   D. Sporadic-E

4AC-1.3 In what region of the world is ++++sporadic-E++++ most prevalent?
   A. The equatorial regions
   B. The arctic regions
   C. The northern hemisphere
   D. The polar regions

4AC-1.4 On which amateur frequency band is the extended-distance
propagation effect of sporadic-E most often observed?
   A. 2 meters
   B. 6 meters
   C. 20 meters
   D. 160 meters

4AC-1.5 What appears to be the major cause of the ++++sporadic-E++++
condition?
   A. Wind shear
   B. Sunspots
   C. Temperature inversions
   D. Meteors

4AC-2.1 What is a ++++selective fading++++ effect?
   A. A fading effect caused by small changes in beam heading at
the receiving station
   B. A fading effect caused by phase differences between radio
wave components of the same transmission, as experienced at the
receiving station
   C. A fading effect caused by large changes in the height of
the ionosphere, as experienced at the receiving station
   D. A fading effect caused by time differences between the
receiving and transmitting stations

4AC-2.2 What is the propagation effect called when phase
differences between radio wave components of the same
transmission are experienced at the recovery station?
   A. Faraday rotation
   B. Diversity reception
   C. Selective fading
   D. Phase shift

4AC-2.3 What is the major cause of ++++selective fading++++?
   A. Small changes in beam heading at the receiving station
   B. Large changes in the height of the ionosphere, as
experienced at the receiving station
   C. Time differences between the receiving and transmitting
stations
   D. Phase differences between radio wave components of the same
transmission, as experienced at the receiving station

4AC-2.4 Which emission modes suffer the most from ++++selective
fading++++?
   A. CW and SSB
   B. FM and double sideband AM
   C. SSB and AMTOR
   D. SSTV and CW

4AC-2.5 How does the bandwidth of the transmitted signal affect
++++selective fading++++?
   A. It is more pronounced at wide bandwidths
   B. It is more pronounced at narrow bandwidths
   C. It is equally pronounced at both narrow and wide bandwidths
   D. The receiver bandwidth determines the selective fading
effect

4AC-3.1 What effect does ++++auroral activity++++ have upon radio
communications?
   A. The readability of SSB signals increases
   B. FM communications are clearer
   C. CW signals have a clearer tone
   D. CW signals have a fluttery tone

4AC-3.2 What is the cause of ++++auroral activity++++?
   A. A high sunspot level
   B. A low sunspot level
   C. The emission of charged particles from the sun
   D. Meteor showers concentrated in the northern latitudes

4AC-3.3 In the northern hemisphere, in which direction should a
directional antenna be pointed to take maximum advantage of
auroral propagation?
   A. South
   B. North
   C. East
   D. West

4AC-3.4 Where in the ionosphere does auroral activity occur?
   A. At F-layer height
   B. In the equatorial band
   C. At D-layer height
   D. At E-layer height

4AC-3.5 Which emission modes are best for auroral propagation?
   A. CW and SSB
   B. SSB and FM
   C. FM and CW
   D. RTTY and AM

4AC-4.1 Why does the radio-path horizon distance exceed the
geometric horizon?
   A. E-layer skip
   B. D-layer skip
   C. Auroral skip
   D. Radio waves may be bent

4AC-4.2 How much farther does the radio-path horizon distance
exceed the geometric horizon?
   A. By approximately 15% of the distance
   B. By approximately twice the distance
   C. By approximately one-half the distance
   D. By approximately four times the distance

4AC-4.3 To what distance is VHF propagation ordinarily limited?
   A. Approximately 1000 miles
   B. Approximately 500 miles
   C. Approximately 1500 miles
   D. Approximately 2000 miles

4AC-4.4 What propagation condition is usually indicated when a
VHF signal is received from a station over 500 miles away?
   A. D-layer absorption
   B. Faraday rotation
   C. Tropospheric ducting
   D. Moonbounce

4AC-4.5 What happens to a radio wave as it travels in space and
collides with other particles?
   A. Kinetic energy is given up by the radio wave
   B. Kinetic energy is gained by the radio wave
   C. Aurora is created
   D. Nothing happens since radio waves have no physical
substance

4AD-1.1 What is a ++++frequency standard++++?
   A. A net frequency
   B. A device used to produce a highly accurate reference
frequency
   C. A device for accurately measuring frequency to within 1 Hz
   D. A device used to generate wideband random frequencies

4AD-1.2 What is a ++++frequency-marker generator++++?
   A. A device used to produce a highly accurate reference
frequency
   B. A sweep generator
   C. A broadband white noise generator
   D. A device used to generate wideband random frequencies

4AD-1.3 How is a frequency-marker generator used?
   A. In conjunction with a grid-dip meter
   B. To provide reference points on a receiver dial
   C. As the basic frequency element of a transmitter
   D. To directly measure wavelength

4AD-1.4 What is a ++++frequency counter++++?
   A. A frequency measuring device
   B. A frequency marker generator
   C. A device that determines whether or not a given frequency
is in use before automatic transmissions are made
   D. A broadband white noise generator

4AD-1.5 How is a frequency counter used?
   A. To provide reference points on an analog receiver dial
   B. To generate a frequency standard
   C. To measure the deviation in an FM transmitter
   D. To measure frequency

4AD-1.6 What is the most the actual transmitter frequency could
differ from a reading of 146,520,000-Hertz on a frequency counter
with a time base accuracy of +/- 1.0 ppm?
   A. 165.2 Hz
   B. 14.652 kHz
   C. 146.52 Hz
   D. 1.4652 MHz

4AD-1.7 What is the most the actual transmitter frequency could
differ from a reading of 146,520,000-Hertz on a frequency counter
with a time base accuracy of +/- 0.1 ppm?
   A. 14.652 Hz
   B. 0.1 MHz
   C. 1.4652 Hz
   D. 1.4652 kHz

4AD-1.8 What is the most the actual transmitter frequency could
differ from a reading of 146,520,000-Hertz on a frequency counter
with a time base accuracy of +/- 10 ppm?
   A. 146.52 Hz
   B. 10 Hz
   C. 146.52 kHz
   D. 1465.20 Hz

4AD-1.9 What is the most the actual transmitter frequency could
differ from a reading of 432,100,000-Hertz on a frequency counter
with a time base accuracy of +/- 1.0 ppm?
   A. 43.21 MHz
   B. 10 Hz
   C. 1.0 MHz
   D. 432.1 Hz

4AD-1.10 What is the most the actual transmit frequency could
differ from a reading of 432,100,000-Hertz on a frequency counter
with a time base accuracy of +/- 0.1 ppm?
   A. 43.21 Hz
   B. 0.1 MHz
   C. 432.1 Hz
   D. 0.2 MHz

4AD-1.11 What is the most the actual transmit frequency could
differ from a reading of 432,100,000-Hertz on a frequency counter
with a time base accuracy of +/- 10 ppm?
   A. 10 MHz
   B. 10 Hz
   C. 4321 Hz
   D. 432.1 Hz

4AD-2.1 What is a ++++dip-meter++++?
   A. A field strength meter
   B. An SWR meter
   C. A variable LC oscillator with metered feedback current
   D. A marker generator

4AD-2.2 Why is a dip-meter used by many amateur operators?
   A. It can measure signal strength accurately
   B. It can measure frequency accurately
   C. It can measure transmitter output power accurately
   D. It can give an indication of the resonant frequency of a
circuit

4AD-2.3 How does a dip-meter function?
   A. Reflected waves at a specific frequency desensitize the
detector coil
   B. Power coupled from an oscillator causes a decrease in
metered current
   C. Power from a transmitter cancels feedback current
   D. Harmonics of the oscillator cause an increase in resonant
circuit Q

4AD-2.4 What two ways could a dip-meter be used in an amateur
station?
   A. To measure resonant frequency of antenna traps and to
measure percentage of modulation
   B. To measure antenna resonance and to measure percentage of
modulation
   C. To measure antenna resonance and to measure antenna
impedance
   D. To measure resonant frequency of antenna traps and to
measure a tuned circuit resonant frequency

4AD-2.5 What types of coupling occur between a dip-meter and a
tuned circuit being checked?
   A. Resistive and inductive
   B. Inductive and capacitive
   C. Resistive and capacitive
   D. Strong field

4AD-2.6 How tight should the dip-meter be coupled with the tuned
circuit being checked?
   A. As loosely as possible, for best accuracy
   B. As tightly as possible, for best accuracy
   C. First loose, then tight, for best accuracy
   D. With a soldered jumper wire between the meter and the
circuit to be checked, for best accuracy

4AD-2.7 What happens in a dip-meter when it is too tightly
coupled with the tuned circuit being checked?
   A. Harmonics are generated
   B. A less accurate reading results
   C. Cross modulation occurs
   D. Intermodulation distortion occurs

4AD-3.1 What factors limit the accuracy, frequency response, and
stability of an oscilloscope?
   A. Sweep oscillator quality and deflection amplifier bandwidth
   B. Tube face voltage increments and deflection amplifier
voltage
   C. Sweep oscillator quality and tube face voltage increments
   D. Deflection amplifier output impedance and tube face
frequency increments

4AD-3.2 What factors limit the accuracy, frequency response, and
stability of a D'Arsonval movement type meter?
   A. Calibration, coil impedance and meter size
   B. Calibration, series resistance and electromagnet current
   C. Coil impedance, electromagnet voltage and movement mass
   D. Calibration, mechanical tolerance and coil impedance

4AD-3.3 What factors limit the accuracy, frequency response, and
stability of a frequency counter?
   A. Number of digits in the readout, speed of the logic and
time base stability
   B. Time base accuracy, speed of the logic and time base
stability
   C. Time base accuracy, temperature coefficient of the logic
and time base stability
   D. Number of digits in the readout, external frequency
reference and temperature coefficient of the logic

4AD-3.4 How can the frequency response of an oscilloscope be
improved?
   A. By using a triggered sweep and a crystal oscillator as the
time base
   B. By using a crystal oscillator as the time base and
increasing the vertical sweep rate
   C. By increasing the vertical sweep rate and the horizontal
amplifier frequency response
   D. By increasing the horizontal sweep rate and the vertical
amplifier frequency response

4AD-3.5 How can the accuracy of a frequency counter be improved?
   A. By using slower digital logic
   B. By improving the accuracy of the frequency response
   C. By increasing the accuracy of the time base
   D. By using faster digital logic

4AD-4.1 What is the condition called which occurs when the
signals of two transmitters in close proximity mix together in
one or both of their final amplifiers, and unwanted signals at
the sum and difference frequencies of the original transmissions
are generated?
   A. Amplifier desensitization
   B. Neutralization
   C. Adjacent channel interference
   D. Intermodulation interference

4AD-4.2 How does ++++intermodulation interference++++ between two
transmitters usually occur?
   A. When the signals from the transmitters are reflected out of
phase from airplanes passing overhead
   B. When they are in close proximity and the signals mix in one
or both of their final amplifiers
   C. When they are in close proximity and the signals cause
feedback in one or both of their final amplifiers
   D. When the signals from the transmitters are reflected in
phase from airplanes passing overhead

4AD-4.3 How can intermodulation interference between two
transmitters in close proximity often be reduced or eliminated?
   A. By using a Class C final amplifier with high driving power
   B. By installing a terminated circulator or ferrite isolator
in the feed line to the transmitter and duplexer
   C. By installing a band-pass filter in the antenna feed line
   D. By installing a low-pass filter in the antenna feed
  line

4AD-4.4 What can occur when a non-linear amplifier is used with a
single-sideband phone transmitter?
   A. Reduced amplifier efficiency
   B. Increased intelligibility
   C. Sideband inversion
   D. Distortion

4AD-4.5 How can even-order harmonics be reduced or prevented in
transmitter amplifier design?
   A. By using a push-push amplifier
   B. By using a push-pull amplifier
   C. By operating class C
   D. By operating class AB

4AD-5.1 What is ++++receiver desensitizing++++?
   A. A burst of noise when the squelch is set too low
   B. A burst of noise when the squelch is set too high
   C. A reduction in receiver sensitivity because of a strong
signal on a nearby frequency
   D. A reduction in receiver sensitivity when the AF gain
control is turned down

4AD-5.2 What is the term used to refer to the reduction of
receiver gain caused by the signals of a nearby station
transmitting in the same frequency band?
   A. Desensitizing
   B. Quieting
   C. Cross modulation interference
   D. Squelch gain rollback

4AD-5.3 What is the term used to refer to a reduction in receiver
sensitivity caused by unwanted high-level adjacent channel
signals?
   A. Intermodulation distortion
   B. Quieting
   C. Desensitizing
   D. Overloading

4AD-5.4 What causes ++++receiver desensitizing++++?
   A. Audio gain adjusted too low
   B. Squelch gain adjusted too high
   C. The presence of a strong signal on a nearby frequency
   D. Squelch gain adjusted too low

4AD-5.5 How can ++++receiver desensitizing++++ be reduced?
   A. Ensure good RF shielding between the transmitter and
receiver
   B. Increase the transmitter audio gain
   C. Decrease the receiver squelch gain
   D. Increase the receiver bandwidth

4AD-6.1 What is ++++cross-modulation interference++++?
   A. Interference between two transmitters of different
modulation type
   B. Interference caused by audio rectification in the receiver
preamp
   C. Harmonic distortion of the transmitted signal
   D. Modulation from an unwanted signal is heard in addition to
the desired signal

4AD-6.2 What is the term used to refer to the condition where the
signals from a very strong station are superimposed on other
signals being received?
   A. Intermodulation distortion
   B. Cross-modulation interference
   C. Receiver quieting
   D. Capture effect

4AD-6.3 How can ++++cross-modulation++++ in a receiver be reduced?
   A. By installing a filter at the receiver
   B. By using a better antenna
   C. By increasing the receiver's RF gain while decreasing the
AF gain
   D. By adjusting the pass-band tuning

4AD-6.4 What is the result of ++++cross-modulation++++?
   A. A decrease in modulation level of transmitted signals
   B. Receiver quieting
   C. The modulation of an unwanted signal is heard on the
desired signal
   D. Inverted sidebands in the final stage of the amplifier

4AD-7.1 What is the ++++capture effect++++?
   A. All signals on a frequency are demodulated by an FM
receiver
   B. All signals on a frequency are demodulated by an AM
receiver
   C. The loudest signal received is the only demodulated signal
   D. The weakest signal received is the only demodulated signal

4AD-7.2 What is the term used to refer to the reception blockage
of one FM-phone signal by another FM-phone signal?
   A. Desensitization
   B. Cross-modulation interference
   C. Capture effect
   D. Frequency discrimination

4AD-7.3 With which emission type is the capture-effect most
pronounced?
   A. FM
   B. SSB
   C. AM
   D. CW

4AE-1.1 What is ++++reactive power++++?
   A. Wattless, non-productive power
   B. Power consumed in wire resistance in an inductor
   C. Power lost because of capacitor leakage
   D. Power consumed in circuit Q

4AE-1.2 What is the term for an out-of-phase, non-productive
power associated with inductors and capacitors?
   A. Effective power
   B. True power
   C. Peak envelope power
   D. Reactive power

4AE-1.3 What is the term for energy that is stored in an
electromagnetic or electrostatic field?
   A. Potential energy
   B. Amperes-joules
   C. Joules-coulombs
   D. Kinetic energy

4AE-1.4 What is responsible for the phenomenon when voltages
across reactances in series can often be larger than the voltages
applied to them?
   A. Capacitance
   B. Resonance
   C. Conductance
   D. Resistance

4AE-2.1 What is ++++resonance++++ in an electrical circuit?
   A. The highest frequency that will pass current
   B. The lowest frequency that will pass current
   C. The frequency at which capacitive reactance equals
inductive reactance
   D. The frequency at which power factor is at a minimum

4AE-2.2 Under what conditions does resonance occur in an
electrical circuit?
   A. When the power factor is at a minimum
   B. When inductive and capacitive reactances are equal
   C. When the square root of the sum of the capacitive and
inductive reactances is equal to the resonant frequency
   D. When the square root of the product of the capacitive and
inductive reactances is equal to the resonant frequency

4AE-2.3 What is the term for the phenomena which occurs in an
electrical circuit when the inductive reactance equals the
capacitive reactance?
   A. Reactive quiescence
   B. High Q
   C. Reactive equilibrium
   D. Resonance

4AE-2.4 What is the approximate magnitude of the impedance of a
series R-L-C circuit at resonance?
   A. High, as compared to the circuit resistance
   B. Approximately equal to the circuit resistance
   C. Approximately equal to XL
   D. Approximately equal to XC

4AE-2.5 What is the approximate magnitude of the impedance of a
parallel R-L-C circuit at resonance?
   A. Approximately equal to the circuit resistance
   B. Approximately equal to XL
   C. Low, as compared to the circuit resistance
   D. Approximately equal to XC

4AE-2.6 What is the characteristic of the current flow in a
series R-L-C circuit at resonance?
   A. It is at a minimum
   B. It is at a maximum
   C. It is DC
   D. It is zero

4AE-2.7 What is the characteristic of the current flow in a
parallel R-L-C circuit at resonance?
   A. The current circulating in the parallel elements is at a
minimum
   B. The current circulating in the parallel elements is at a
maximum
   C. The current circulating in the parallel elements is DC
   D. The current circulating in the parallel elements is zero

4AE-3.1 What is the ++++skin effect++++?
   A. The phenomenon where RF current flows in a thinner layer of
the conductor, close to the surface, as frequency increases
   B. The phenomenon where RF current flows in a thinner layer of
the conductor, close to the surface, as frequency decreases
   C. The phenomenon where thermal effects on the surface of the
conductor increase the impedance
   D. The phenomenon where thermal effects on the surface of the
conductor decrease the impedance

4AE-3.2 What is the term for the phenomenon where most of an RF
current flows along the surface of the conductor?
   A. Layer effect
   B. Seeburg Effect
   C. Skin effect
   D. Resonance

4AE-3.3 Where does practically all of the RF current flow in a
conductor?
   A. Along the surface
   B. In the center of the conductor
   C. In the magnetic field around the conductor
   D. In the electromagnetic field in the conductor center

4AE-3.4 Why does practically all of an RF current flow within a
few thousandths-of-an-inch of the conductor's surface?
   A. Because of skin effect
   B. Because the RF resistance of the conductor is much less
than the DC resistance
   C. Because of heating of the metal at the conductor's interior
   D. Because of the AC-resistance of the conductor's self inductance

4AE-3.5 Why is the resistance of a conductor different for RF
current than for DC?
   A. Because the insulation conducts current at radio
frequencies
   B. Because of the Heisenburg Effect
   C. Because of skin effect
   D. Because conductors are non-linear devices

4AE-4.1 What is a ++++magnetic field++++?
   A. Current flow through space around a permanent magnet
   B. A force set up when current flows through a conductor
   C. The force between the plates of a charged capacitor
   D. The force that drives current through a resistor

4AE-4.2 In what direction is the magnetic field about a conductor
when current is flowing?
   A. In the same direction as the current
   B. In a direction opposite to the current flow
   C. In all directions; omnidirectional
   D. In a direction determined by the left hand rule

4AE-4.3 What device is used to store electrical energy in an
electrostatic field?
   A. A battery
   B. A transformer
   C. A capacitor
   D. An inductor

4AE-4.4 What is the term used to express the amount of electrical
energy stored in an electrostatic field?
   A. Coulombs
   B. Joules
   C. Watts
   D. Volts

4AE-4.5 What factors determine the capacitance of a capacitor?
   A. Area of the plates, voltage on the plates and distance
between the plates
   B. Area of the plates, distance between the plates and the
dielectric constant of the material between the plates
   C. Area of the plates, voltage on the plates and the
dielectric constant of the material between the plates
   D. Area of the plates, amount of charge on the plates and the
dielectric constant of the material between the plates

4AE-4.6 What is the dielectric constant for air?
   A. Approximately 1
   B. Approximately 2
   C. Approximately 4
   D. Approximately 0

4AE-4.7 What determines the strength of the magnetic field around
a conductor?
   A. The resistance divided by the current
   B. The ratio of the current to the resistance
   C. The diameter of the conductor
   D. The amount of current

4AE-5.1 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-1 when L is 50 microhenrys and C is 40 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 79.6 MHz
   B. 1.78 MHz
   C. 3.56 MHz
   D. 7.96 MHz

4AE-5.2 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-1 when L is 40 microhenrys and C is 200 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1.99 kHz
   B. 1.78 MHz
   C. 1.99 MHz
   D. 1.78 kHz

4AE-5.3 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-1 when L is 50 microhenrys and C is 10 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 3.18 MHz
   B. 3.18 kHz
   C. 7.12 MHz
   D. 7.12 kHz

4AE-5.4 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-1 when L is 25 microhenrys and C is 10 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 10.1 MHz
   B. 63.7 MHz
   C. 10.1 kHz
   D. 63.7 kHz

4AE-5.5 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-1 when L is 3 microhenrys and C is 40 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 13.1 MHz
   B. 14.5 MHz
   C. 14.5 kHz
   D. 13.1 kHz

4AE-5.6 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-1 when L is 4 microhenrys and C is 20 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 19.9 kHz
   B. 17.8 kHz
   C. 19.9 MHz
   D. 17.8 MHz

4AE-5.7 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-1 when L is 8 microhenrys and C is 7 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 2.84 MHz
   B. 28.4 MHz
   C. 21.3 MHz
   D. 2.13 MHz

4AE-5.8 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-1 when L is 3 microhenrys and C is 15 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 23.7 MHz
   B. 23.7 kHz
   C. 35.4 kHz
   D. 35.4 MHz

4AE-5.9 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-1 when L is 4 microhenrys and C is 8 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 28.1 kHz
   B. 28.1 MHz
   C. 49.7 MHz
   D. 49.7 kHz

4AE-5.10 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-1 when L is 1 microhenry and C is 9 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 17.7 MHz
   B. 17.7 kHz
   C. 53.1 MHz
   D. 53.1 kHz

4AE-5.11 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-2 when L is 1 microhenry and C is 10 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 50.3 MHz
   B. 15.9 MHz
   C. 15.9 kHz
   D. 50.3 kHz

4AE-5.12 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-2 when L is 2 microhenrys and C is 15 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 29.1 kHz
   B. 29.1 MHz
   C. 5.31 MHz
   D. 5.31 kHz

4AE-5.13 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-2 when L is 5 microhenrys and C is 9 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 23.7 kHz
   B. 3.54 kHz
   C. 23.7 MHz
   D. 3.54 MHz

4AE-5.14 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-2 when L is 2 microhenrys and C is 30 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 2.65 kHz
   B. 20.5 kHz
   C. 2.65 MHz
   D. 20.5 MHz

4AE-5.15 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-2 when L is 15 microhenrys and C is 5 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 18.4 MHz
   B. 2.12 MHz
   C. 18.4 kHz
   D. 2.12 kHz

4AE-5.16 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-2 when L is 3 microhenrys and C is 40 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1.33 kHz
   B. 14.5 MHz
   C. 1.33 MHz
   D. 14.5 kHz

4AE-5.17 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-2 when L is 40 microhenrys and C is 6 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 6.63 MHz
   B. 6.63 kHz
   C. 10.3 MHz
   D. 10.3 kHz

4AE-5.18 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-2 when L is 10 microhenrys and C is 50 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 3.18 MHz
   B. 3.18 kHz
   C. 7.12 kHz
   D. 7.12 MHz

4AE-5.19 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-2 when L is 200 microhenrys and C is 10 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 3.56 MHz
   B. 7.96 kHz
   C. 3.56 kHz
   D. 7.96 MHz

4AE-5.20 What is the resonant frequency of the circuit in Figure
4AE-5-2 when L is 90 microhenrys and C is 100 picofarads
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1.77 MHz
   B. 1.68 MHz
   C. 1.77 kHz
   D. 1.68 kHz

4AE-5.21 What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant
circuit which has a resonant frequency of 1.8 MHz and a Q of 95?
   A. 18.9 kHz
   B. 1.89 kHz
   C. 189 Hz
   D. 58.7 kHz

4AE-5.22 What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant
circuit which has a resonant frequency of 3.6 MHz and a Q of 218?
   A. 58.7 kHz
   B. 606 kHz
   C. 47.3 kHz
   D. 16.5 kHz

4AE-5.23 What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant
circuit which has a resonant frequency of 7.1 MHz and a Q of 150?
   A. 211 kHz
   B. 16.5 kHz
   C. 47.3 kHz
   D. 21.1 kHz

4AE-5.24 What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant
circuit which has a resonant frequency of 12.8 MHz and a Q of
218?
   A. 21.1 kHz
   B. 27.9 kHz
   C. 17 kHz
   D. 58.7 kHz

4AE-5.25 What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant
circuit which has a resonant frequency of 14.25 MHz and a Q of
150?
   A. 95 kHz
   B. 10.5 kHz
   C. 10.5 MHz
   D. 17 kHz

4AE-5.26 What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant
circuit which has a resonant frequency of 21.15 MHz and a Q of
95?
   A. 4.49 kHz
   B. 44.9 kHz
   C. 22.3 kHz
   D. 222.6 kHz

4AE-5.27 What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant
circuit which has a resonant frequency of 10.1 MHz and a Q of
225?
   A. 4.49 kHz
   B. 44.9 kHz
   C. 22.3 kHz
   D. 223 kHz

4AE-5.28 What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant
circuit which has a resonant frequency of 18.1 MHz and a Q of
195?
   A. 92.8 kHz
   B. 10.8 kHz
   C. 22.3 kHz
   D. 44.9 kHz

4AE-5.29 What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant
circuit which has a resonant frequency of 3.7 MHz and a Q of 118?
   A. 22.3 kHz
   B. 76.2 kHz
   C. 31.4 kHz
   D. 10.8 kHz

4AE-5.30 What is the half-power bandwidth of a parallel resonant
circuit which has a resonant frequency of 14.25 MHz and a Q of
187?
   A. 22.3 kHz
   B. 10.8 kHz
   C. 13.1 kHz
   D. 76.2 kHz

4AE-5.31 What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the
resonant frequency is 14.128 MHz, the inductance is 2.7
microhenrys and the resistance is 18,000 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 75.1
   B. 7.51
   C. 71.5
   D. 0.013

4AE-5.32 What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the
resonant frequency is 14.128 MHz, the inductance is 4.7
microhenrys and the resistance is 18,000 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 4.31
   B. 43.1
   C. 13.3
   D. 0.023

4AE-5.33 What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the
resonant frequency is 4.468 MHz, the inductance is 47 microhenrys
and the resistance is 180 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 0.00735
   B. 7.35
   C. 0.136
   D. 13.3

4AE-5.34 What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the
resonant frequency is 14.225 MHz, the inductance is 3.5
microhenrys and the resistance is 10,000 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 7.35
   B. 0.0319
   C. 71.5
   D. 31.9

4AE-5.35 What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the
resonant frequency is 7.125 MHz, the inductance is 8.2
microhenrys and the resistance is 1,000 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 36.8
   B. 0.273
   C. 0.368
   D. 2.73

4AE-5.36 What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the
resonant frequency is 7.125 MHz, the inductance is 10.1
microhenrys and the resistance is 100 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 0.221
   B. 4.52
   C. 0.00452
   D. 22.1

4AE-5.37 What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the
resonant frequency is 7.125 MHz, the inductance is 12.6
microhenrys and the resistance is 22,000 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 22.1
   B. 39
   C. 25.6
   D. 0.0256

4AE-5.38 What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the
resonant frequency is 3.625 MHz, the inductance is 3 microhenrys
and the resistance is 2,200 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 0.031
   B. 32.2
   C. 31.1
   D. 25.6

4AE-5.39 What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the
resonant frequency is 3.625 MHz, the inductance is 42 microhenrys
and the resistance is 220 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 23
   B. 0.00435
   C. 4.35
   D. 0.23

4AE-5.40 What is the Q of the circuit in Figure 4AE-5-3 when the
resonant frequency is 3.625 MHz, the inductance is 43 microhenrys
and the resistance is 1,800 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1.84
   B. 0.543
   C. 54.3
   D. 23

4AE-6.1 What is the phase angle between the voltage across and
the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 25
ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 100 ohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 36.9 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   B. 53.1 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   C. 36.9 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   D. 53.1 degrees with the voltage leading the current

4AE-6.2 What is the phase angle between the voltage across and
the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 25
ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 50 ohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   B. 14 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   C. 76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   D. 76 degrees with the voltage leading the current

4AE-6.3 What is the phase angle between the voltage across and
the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 500
ohms, R is 1000 ohms, and Xl is 250 ohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 68.2 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   B. 14.1 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   C. 14.1 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   D. 68.2 degrees with the voltage lagging the current

4AE-6.4 What is the phase angle between the voltage across and
the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 75
ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 100 ohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 76 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   B. 14 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   C. 14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   D. 76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current

4AE-6.5 What is the phase angle between the voltage across and
the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 50
ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 25 ohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   B. 14 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   C. 76 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   D. 14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current

4AE-6.6 What is the phase angle between the voltage across and
the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 75
ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 50 ohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   B. 14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   C. 14 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   D. 76 degrees with the voltage leading the current

4AE-6.7 What is the phase angle between the voltage across and
the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 100
ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 75 ohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   B. 14 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   C. 76 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   D. 76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current

4AE-6.8 What is the phase angle between the voltage across and
the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 250
ohms, R is 1000 ohms, and Xl is 500 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 81.47 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   B. 81.47 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   C. 14.04 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   D. 14.04 degrees with the voltage leading the current

4AE-6.9 What is the phase angle between the voltage across and
the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 50
ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 75 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 76 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   B. 76 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   C. 14 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   D. 14 degrees with the voltage leading the current

4AE-6.10 What is the phase angle between the voltage across and
the current through the circuit in Figure 4AE-6, when Xc is 100
ohms, R is 100 ohms, and Xl is 25 ohms
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. 36.9 degrees with the voltage leading the current
   B. 53.1 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   C. 36.9 degrees with the voltage lagging the current
   D. 53.1 degrees with the voltage leading the current

4AE-7.1 Why would the rate at which electrical energy is used in
a circuit be less than the product of the magnitudes of the AC
voltage and current?
   A. Because there is a phase angle that is greater than zero
between the current and voltage
   B. Because there are only resistances in the circuit
   C. Because there are no reactances in the circuit
   D. Because there is a phase angle that is equal to zero
between the current and voltage

4AE-7.2 In a circuit where the AC voltage and current are out of
phase, how can the true power be determined?
   A. By multiplying the apparent power times the power factor
   B. By subtracting the apparent power from the power factor
   C. By dividing the apparent power by the power factor
   D. By multiplying the RMS voltage times the RMS current

4AE-7.3 What does the power factor equal in an R-L circuit having
a 60 degree phase angle between the voltage and the current?
   A. 1.414
   B. 0.866
   C. 0.5
   D. 1.73

4AE-7.4 What does the power factor equal in an R-L circuit having
a 45 degree phase angle between the voltage and the current?
   A. 0.866
   B. 1.0
   C. 0.5
   D. 0.707

4AE-7.5 What does the power factor equal in an R-L circuit having
a 30 degree phase angle between the voltage and the current?
   A. 1.73
   B. 0.5
   C. 0.866
   D. 0.577

4AE-7.6 How many watts are being consumed in a circuit having a
power factor of 0.2 when the input is 100-V AC and 4-amperes is
being drawn?
   A. 400 watts
   B. 80 watts
   C. 2000 watts
   D. 50 watts

4AE-7.7 How many watts are being consumed in a circuit having a
power factor of 0.6 when the input is 200-V AC and 5-amperes is
being drawn?
   A. 200 watts
   B. 1000 watts
   C. 1600 watts
   D. 600 watts

4AE-8.1 What is the effective radiated power of a station in
repeater operation with 50 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB
feedline loss, 3 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 6 dBi
antenna gain?
   A. 158 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   B. 39.7 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   C. 251 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   D. 69.9 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole

4AE-8.2 What is the effective radiated power of a station in
repeater operation with 50 watts transmitter power output, 5 dB
feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 7 dBi
antenna gain?
   A. 300 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   B. 315 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   C. 31.5 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   D. 69.9 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole

4AE-8.3 What is the effective radiated power of a station in
repeater operation with 75 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB
feedline loss, 3 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 10 dBi
antenna gain?
   A. 600 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   B. 75 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   C. 18.75 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   D. 150 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole

4AE-8.4 What is the effective radiated power of a station in
repeater operation with 75 watts transmitter power output, 5 dB
feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 6 dBi
antenna gain?
   A. 37.6 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   B. 237 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   C. 150 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   D. 23.7 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole

4AE-8.5 What is the effective radiated power of a station in
repeater operation with 100 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB
feedline loss, 3 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 7 dBi
antenna gain?
   A. 631 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   B. 400 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   C. 25 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   D. 100 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole

4AE-8.6 What is the effective radiated power of a station in
repeater operation with 100 watts transmitter power output, 5 dB
feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 10 dBi
antenna gain?
   A. 800 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   B. 126 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   C. 12.5 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   D. 1260 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole

4AE-8.7 What is the effective radiated power of a station in
repeater operation with l20 watts transmitter power output, 5 dB
feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 6 dBi
antenna gain?
   A. 60l watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   B. 240 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   C. 60 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   D. 379 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole

4AE-8.8 What is the effective radiated power of a station in
repeater operation with 150 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB
feedline loss, 3 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 7 dBi
antenna gain?
   A. 946 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   B. 37.5 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   C. 600 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   D. 150 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole

4AE-8.9 What is the effective radiated power of a station in
repeater operation with 200 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB
feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 10 dBi
antenna gain?
   A. 317 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   B. 2000 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   C. 126 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   D. 260 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole

4AE-8.10 What is the effective radiated power of a station in
repeater operation with 200 watts transmitter power output, 4 dB
feedline loss, 3 dB duplexer and circulator loss, and 6 dBi
antenna gain?
   A. 252 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   B. 63.2 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   C. 632 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole
   D. 159 watts, assuming the antenna gain is referenced to a
half-wave dipole

4AE-9.1 In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the
same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 8-volts,
R1 is 8 kilohms, and R2 is 8 kilohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. R3 = 4 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts
   B. R3 = 4 kilohms and V2 = 4 volts
   C. R3 = 16 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts
   D. R3 = 16 kilohms and V2 = 4 volts

4AE-9.2 In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the
same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 8-volts,
R1 is 16 kilohms, and R2 is 8 kilohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. R3 = 24 kilohms and V2 = 5.33 volts
   B. R3 = 5.33 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts
   C. R3 = 5.33 kilohms and V2 = 2.67 volts
   D. R3 = 24 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts

4AE-9.3 In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the
same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 8-volts,
R1 is 8 kilohms, and R2 is 16 kilohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. R3 = 24 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts
   B. R3 = 8 kilohms and V2 = 4 volts
   C. R3 = 5.33 kilohms and V2 = 5.33 volts
   D. R3 = 5.33 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts

4AE-9.4 In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the
same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 10-volts,
R1 is 10 kilohms, and R2 is 10 kilohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. R3 = 10 kilohms and V2 = 5 volts
   B. R3 = 20 kilohms and V2 = 5 volts
   C. R3 = 20 kilohms and V2 = 10 volts
   D. R3 = 5 kilohms and V2 = 5 volts

4AE-9.5 In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the
same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 10-volts,
R1 is 20 kilohms, and R2 is 10 kilohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 10 volts
   B. R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 10 volts
   C. R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 3.33 volts
   D. R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 3.33 volts

4AE-9.6 In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the
same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 10-volts,
R1 is 10 kilohms, and R2 is 20 kilohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 6.67 volts
   B. R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 10 volts
   C. R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 6.67 volts
   D. R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 10 volts

4AE-9.7 In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the
same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 12-volts,
R1 is 10 kilohms, and R2 is 10 kilohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. R3 = 20 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts
   B. R3 = 5 kilohms and V2 = 6 volts
   C. R3 = 5 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts
   D. R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 6 volts

4AE-9.8 In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the
same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 12-volts,
R1 is 20 kilohms, and R2 is 10 kilohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 4 volts
   B. R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 4 volts
   C. R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts
   D. R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts

4AE-9.9 In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the
same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 12-volts,
R1 is 10 kilohms, and R2 is 20 kilohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts
   B. R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts
   C. R3 = 6.67 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts
   D. R3 = 30 kilohms and V2 = 8 volts

4AE-9.10 In Figure 4AE-9, what values of V2 and R3 result in the
same voltage and current characteristics as when V1 is 12-volts,
R1 is 20 kilohms, and R2 is 20 kilohms [see graphics addendum]?
   A. R3 = 40 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts
   B. R3 = 40 kilohms and V2 = 6 volts
   C. R3 = 10 kilohms and V2 = 6 volts
   D. R3 = 10 kilohms and V2 = 12 volts

4AF-1.1 What is the schematic symbol for a semiconductor
diode/rectifier [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1
   B. 2
   C. 3
   D. 4

4AF-1.2 Structurally, what are the two main categories of
semiconductor diodes?
   A. Junction and point contact
   B. Electrolytic and junction
   C. Electrolytic and point contact
   D. Vacuum and point contact

4AF-1.3 What is the schematic symbol for a Zener diode [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1
   B. 2
   C. 3
   D. 4

4AF-1.4 What are the two primary classifications of Zener diodes?
   A. Hot carrier and tunnel
   B. Varactor and rectifying
   C. Voltage regulator and voltage reference
   D. Forward and reversed biased

4AF-1.5 What is the principal characteristic of a Zener diode?
   A. A constant current under conditions of varying voltage
   B. A constant voltage under conditions of varying current
   C. A negative resistance region
   D. An internal capacitance that varies with the applied
voltage

4AF-1.6 What is the range of voltage ratings available in Zener
diodes?
   A. 2.4 volts to 200 volts
   B. 1.2 volts to 7 volts
   C. 3 volts to 2000 volts
   D. 1.2 volts to 5.6 volts

4AF-1.7 What is the schematic symbol for a tunnel diode [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1
   B. 2
   C. 3
   D. 4

4AF-1.8 What is the principal characteristic of a tunnel diode?
   A. A high forward resistance
   B. A very high PIV
   C. A negative resistance region
   D. A high forward current rating

4AF-1.9 What special type of diode is capable of both
amplification and oscillation?
   A. Point contact diodes
   B. Zener diodes
   C. Tunnel diodes
   D. Junction diodes

4AF-1.10 What is the schematic symbol for a varactor diode [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1
   B. 2
   C. 3
   D. 4

4AF-1.11 What type of semiconductor diode varies its internal
capacitance as the voltage applied to its terminals varies?
   A. A varactor diode
   B. A tunnel diode
   C. A silicon-controlled rectifier
   D. A Zener diode

4AF-1.12 What is the principal characteristic of a varactor
diode?
   A. It has a constant voltage under conditions of varying
current
   B. Its internal capacitance varies with the applied voltage
   C. It has a negative resistance region
   D. It has a very high PIV

4AF-1.13 What is a common use of a varactor diode?
   A. As a constant current source
   B. As a constant voltage source
   C. As a voltage controlled inductance
   D. As a voltage controlled capacitance

4AF-1.14 What is a common use of a hot-carrier diode?
   A. As balanced mixers in SSB generation
   B. As a variable capacitance in an automatic frequency control
circuit
   C. As a constant voltage reference in a power supply
   D. As VHF and UHF mixers and detectors

4AF-1.15 What limits the maximum forward current in a junction
diode?
   A. The peak inverse voltage
   B. The junction temperature
   C. The forward voltage
   D. The back EMF

4AF-1.16 How are junction diodes rated?
   A. Maximum forward current and capacitance
   B. Maximum reverse current and PIV
   C. Maximum reverse current and capacitance
   D. Maximum forward current and PIV

4AF-1.17 What is a common use for point contact diodes?
   A. As a constant current source
   B. As a constant voltage source
   C. As an RF detector
   D. As a high voltage rectifier

4AF-1.18 What type of diode is made of a metal whisker touching a
very small semi-conductor die?
   A. Zener diode
   B. Varactor diode
   C. Junction diode
   D. Point contact diode

4AF-1.19 What is one common use for PIN diodes?
   A. As a constant current source
   B. As a constant voltage source
   C. As an RF switch
   D. As a high voltage rectifier

4AF-1.20 What special type of diode is often used in RF switches,
attenuators, and various types of phase shifting devices?
   A. Tunnel diodes
   B. Varactor diodes
   C. PIN diodes
   D. Junction diodes

4AF-2.1 What is the schematic symbol for a PNP transistor [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1
   B. 2
   C. 3
   D. 4

4AF-2.2 What is the schematic symbol for an NPN transistor [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1
   B. 2
   C. 3
   D. 4

4AF-2.3 What are the three terminals of a bipolar transistor?
   A. Cathode, plate and grid
   B. Base, collector and emitter
   C. Gate, source and sink
   D. Input, output and ground

4AF-2.4 What is the meaning of the term ++++alpha++++ with regard to
bipolar transistors?
   A. The change of collector current with respect to base
current
   B. The change of base current with respect to collector
current
   C. The change of collector current with respect to emitter
current
   D. The change of collector current with respect to gate
current

4AF-2.5 What is the term used to express the ratio of change in
DC collector current to a change in emitter current in a bipolar
transistor?
   A. Gamma
   B. Epsilon
   C. Alpha
   D. Beta

4AF-2.6 What is the meaning of the term ++++beta++++ with regard to
bipolar transistors?
   A. The change of collector current with respect to base
current
   B. The change of base current with respect to emitter current
   C. The change of collector current with respect to emitter
current
   D. The change in base current with respect to gate current

4AF-2.7 What is the term used to express the ratio of change in
the DC collector current to a change in base current in a bipolar
transistor?
   A. Alpha
   B. Beta
   C. Gamma
   D. Delta

4AF-2.8 What is the meaning of the term ++++alpha cutoff frequency++++
with regard to bipolar transistors?
   A. The practical lower frequency limit of a transistor in
common emitter configuration
   B. The practical upper frequency limit of a transistor in
common base configuration
   C. The practical lower frequency limit of a transistor in
common base configuration
   D. The practical upper frequency limit of a transistor in
common emitter configuration

4AF-2.9 What is the term used to express that frequency at which
the grounded base current gain has decreased to 0.7 of the gain
obtainable at 1 kHz  in a transistor?
   A. Corner frequency
   B. Alpha cutoff frequency
   C. Beta cutoff frequency
   D. Alpha rejection frequency

4AF-2.10 What is the meaning of the term ++++beta cutoff frequency++++
with regard to a bipolar transistor?
   A. That frequency at which the grounded base current gain has
decreased to 0.7 of that obtainable at 1 kHz in a transistor
   B. That frequency at which the grounded emitter current gain
has decreased to 0.7 of that obtainable at 1 kHz in a transistor
   C. That frequency at which the grounded collector current gain
has decreased to 0.7 of that obtainable at 1 kHz in a transistor
   D. That frequency at which the grounded gate current gain has
decreased to 0.7 of that obtainable at 1 kHz in a transistor

4AF-2.11 What is the meaning of the term ++++transition region++++ with
regard to a transistor?
   A. An area of low charge density around the P-N junction
   B. The area of maximum P-type charge
   C. The area of maximum N-type charge
   D. The point where wire leads are connected to the P- or N-
type material

4AF-2.12 What does it mean for a transistor to be ++++fully
saturated++++?
   A. The collector current is at its maximum value
   B. The collector current is at its minimum value
   C. The transistor's Alpha is at its maximum value
   D. The transistor's Beta is at its maximum value

4AF-2.13 What does it mean for a transistor to be ++++cut off++++?
   A. There is no base current
   B. The transistor is at its operating point
   C. No current flows from emitter to collector
   D. Maximum current flows from emitter to collector

4AF-2.14 What is the schematic symbol for a unijunction
transistor [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1
   B. 2
   C. 3
   D. 4

4AF-2.15 What are the elements of a unijunction transistor?
   A. Base 1, base 2 and emitter
   B. Gate, cathode and anode
   C. Gate, base 1 and base 2
   D. Gate, source and sink

4AF-2.16 For best efficiency and stability, where on the load-
line should a solid-state power amplifier be operated?
   A. Just below the saturation point
   B. Just above the saturation point
   C. At the saturation point
   D. At 1.414 times the saturation point

4AF-2.17 What two elements widely used in semiconductor devices
exhibit both metallic and non-metallic characteristics?
   A. Silicon and gold
   B. Silicon and germanium
   C. Galena and germanium
   D. Galena and bismuth

4AF-3.1 What is the schematic symbol for a silicon controlled
rectifier [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1
   B. 2
   C. 3
   D. 4

4AF-3.2 What are the three terminals of an SCR?
   A. Anode, cathode and gate
   B. Gate, source and sink
   C. Base, collector and emitter
   D. Gate, base 1 and base 2

4AF-3.3 What are the two stable operating conditions of an SCR?
   A. Conducting and nonconducting
   B. Oscillating and quiescent
   C. Forward conducting and reverse conducting
   D. NPN conduction and PNP conduction

4AF-3.4 When an SCR is in the ++++triggered++++ or ++++on++++ condition, its
electrical characteristics are similar to what other solid-state
device (as measured between its cathode and anode)?
   A. The junction diode
   B. The tunnel diode
   C. The hot-carrier diode
   D. The varactor diode

4AF-3.5 Under what operating condition does an SCR exhibit
electrical characteristics similar to a forward-biased silicon
rectifier?
   A. During a switching transition
   B. When it is used as a detector
   C. When it is gated "off"
   D. When it is gated "on"

4AF-3.6 What is the schematic symbol for a TRIAC [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1
   B. 2
   C. 3
   D. 4

4AF-3.7 What is the transistor called which is fabricated as two
complementary SCRs in parallel with a common gate terminal?
   A. TRIAC
   B. Bilateral SCR
   C. Unijunction transistor
   D. Field effect transistor

4AF-3.8 What are the three terminals of a TRIAC?
   A. Emitter, base 1 and base 2
   B. Gate, anode 1 and anode 2
   C. Base, emitter and collector
   D. Gate, source and sink

4AF-4.1 What is the schematic symbol for a light-emitting diode [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1
   B. 2
   C. 3
   D. 4

4AF-4.2 What is the normal operating voltage and current for a
light-emitting diode?
   A. 60 volts and 20 mA
   B. 5 volts and 50 mA
   C. 1.7 volts and 20 mA
   D. 0.7 volts and 60 mA

4AF-4.3 What type of bias is required for an LED to produce
luminescence?
   A. Reverse bias
   B. Forward bias
   C. Zero bias
   D. Inductive bias

4AF-4.4 What are the advantages of using an LED?
   A. Low power consumption and long life
   B. High lumens per cm per cm and low power consumption
   C. High lumens per cm per cm and low voltage requirement
   D. A current flows when the device is exposed to a light
source

4AF-4.5 What colors are available in LEDs?
   A. Yellow, blue, red and brown
   B. Red, violet, yellow and peach
   C. Violet, blue, orange and red
   D. Red, green, orange and yellow

4AF-4.6 What is the schematic symbol for a neon lamp [see graphics addendum]?
   A. 1
   B. 2
   C. 3
   D. 4

4AF-4.7 What type neon lamp is usually used in amateur radio
work?
   A. NE-1
   B. NE-2
   C. NE-3
   D. NE-4

4AF-4.8 What is the DC starting voltage for an NE-2 neon lamp?
   A. Approximately 67 volts
   B. Approximately 5 volts
   C. Approximately 5.6 volts
   D. Approximately 110 volts

4AF-4.9 What is the AC starting voltage for an NE-2 neon lamp?
   A. Approximately 110-V AC RMS
   B. Approximately 5-V AC RMS
   C. Approximately 5.6-V AC RMS
   D. Approximately 48-V AC RMS

4AF-4.10 How can a neon lamp be used to check for the presence of
RF?
   A. A neon lamp will go out in the presence of RF
   B. A neon lamp will change color in the presence of RF
   C. A neon lamp will light only in the presence of very low
frequency RF
   D. A neon lamp will light in the presence of RF

4AF-5.1 What would be the bandwidth of a good crystal lattice
band-pass filter for a single-sideband phone emission?
   A. 6 kHz at -6 dB
   B. 2.1 kHz at -6 dB
   C. 500 Hz at -6 dB
   D. 15 kHz at -6 dB

4AF-5.2 What would be the bandwidth of a good crystal lattice
band-pass filter for a double-sideband phone emission?
   A. 1 kHz at -6 dB
   B. 500 Hz at -6 dB
   C. 6 kHz at -6 dB
   D. 15 kHz at -6 dB

4AF-5.3 What is a crystal lattice filter?
   A. A power supply filter made with crisscrossed quartz
crystals
   B. An audio filter made with 4 quartz crystals at 1-kHz
intervals
   C. A filter with infinitely wide and shallow skirts made using
quartz crystals
   D. A filter with narrow bandwidth and steep skirts made using
quartz crystals

4AF-5.4 What technique can be used to construct low cost, high
performance crystal lattice filters?
   A. Splitting and tumbling
   B. Tumbling and grinding
   C. Etching and splitting
   D. Etching and grinding

4AF-5.5 What determines the bandwidth and response shape in a
crystal lattice filter?
   A. The relative frequencies of the individual crystals
   B. The center frequency chosen for the filter
   C. The amplitude of the RF stage preceding the filter
   D. The amplitude of the signals passing through the
filter

4AG-1.1 What is a ++++linear electronic voltage regulator++++?
   A. A regulator that has a ramp voltage as its output
   B. A regulator in which the pass transistor switches from the
"off" state to the "on" state
   C. A regulator in which the control device is switched on or
off, with the duty cycle proportional to the line or load
conditions
   D. A regulator in which the conduction of a control element is
varied in direct proportion to the line voltage or load current

4AG-1.2 What is a ++++switching electronic voltage regulator++++?
   A. A regulator in which the conduction of a control element is
varied in direct proportion to the line voltage or load current
   B. A regulator that provides more than one output voltage
   C. A regulator in which the control device is switched on or
off, with the duty cycle proportional to the line or load
conditions
   D. A regulator that gives a ramp voltage at its output

4AG-1.3 What device is usually used as a stable reference voltage
in a linear voltage regulator?
   A. A Zener diode
   B. A tunnel diode
   C. An SCR
   D. A varactor diode

4AG-1.4 What type of linear regulator is used in applications
requiring efficient utilization of the primary power source?
   A. A constant current source
   B. A series regulator
   C. A shunt regulator
   D. A shunt current source

4AG-1.5 What type of linear voltage regulator is used in
applications where the load on the unregulated voltage source
must be kept constant?
   A. A constant current source
   B. A series regulator
   C. A shunt current source
   D. A shunt regulator

4AG-1.6 To obtain the best temperature stability, what should be
the operating voltage of the reference diode in a linear voltage
regulator?
   A. Approximately 2.0 volts
   B. Approximately 3.0 volts
   C. Approximately 6.0 volts
   D. Approximately 10.0 volts

4AG-1.7 What is the meaning of the term ++++remote sensing++++ with
regard to a linear voltage regulator?
   A. The feedback connection to the error amplifier is made
directly to the load
   B. Sensing is accomplished by wireless inductive loops
   C. The load connection is made outside the feedback loop
   D. The error amplifier compares the input voltage to the
reference voltage

4AG-1.8 What is a ++++three-terminal regulator++++?
   A. A regulator that supplies three voltages with variable
current
   B. A regulator that supplies three voltages at a constant
current
   C. A regulator containing three error amplifiers and sensing
transistors
   D. A regulator containing a voltage reference, error
amplifier, sensing resistors and transistors, and a pass element

4AG-1.9 What are the important characteristics of a three-
terminal regulator?
   A. Maximum and minimum input voltage, minimum output current
and voltage
   B. Maximum and minimum input voltage, maximum output current
and voltage
   C. Maximum and minimum input voltage, minimum output current
and maximum output voltage
   D. Maximum and minimum input voltage, minimum output voltage
and maximum output current

4AG-2.1 What is the distinguishing feature of a Class A
amplifier?
   A. Output for less than 180 degrees of the signal cycle
   B. Output for the entire 360 degrees of the signal cycle
   C. Output for more than 180 degrees and less than 360 degrees
of the signal cycle
   D. Output for exactly 180 degrees of the input signal cycle

4AG-2.2 What class of amplifier is distinguished by the presence
of output throughout the entire signal cycle and the input never
goes into the cutoff region?
   A. Class A
   B. Class B
   C. Class C
   D. Class D

4AG-2.3 What is the distinguishing characteristic of a Class B
amplifier?
   A. Output for the entire input signal cycle
   B. Output for greater than 180 degrees and less than 360
degrees of the input signal cycle
   C. Output for less than 180 degrees of the input signal cycle
   D. Output for 180 degrees of the input signal cycle

4AG-2.4 What class of amplifier is distinguished by the flow of
current in the output essentially in 180 degree pulses?
   A. Class A
   B. Class B
   C. Class C
   D. Class D

4AG-2.5 What is a ++++Class AB amplifier++++?
   A. Output is present for more than 180 degrees but less than
360 degrees of the signal input cycle
   B. Output is present for exactly 180 degrees of the input
signal cycle
   C. Output is present for the entire input signal cycle
   D. Output is present for less than 180 degrees of the input
signal cycle

4AG-2.6 What is the distinguishing feature of a ++++Class C
amplifier++++?
   A. Output is present for less than 180 degrees of the input
signal cycle
   B. Output is present for exactly 180 degrees of the input
signal cycle
   C. Output is present for the entire input signal cycle
   D. Output is present for more than 180 degrees but less than
360 degrees of the input signal cycle

4AG-2.7 What class of amplifier is distinguished by the bias
being set well beyond cutoff?
   A. Class A
   B. Class B
   C. Class C
   D. Class AB

4AG-2.8 Which class of amplifier provides the highest efficiency?
   A. Class A
   B. Class B
   C. Class C
   D. Class AB

4AG-2.9 Which class of amplifier has the highest linearity and
least distortion?
   A. Class A
   B. Class B
   C. Class C
   D. Class AB

4AG-2.10 Which class of amplifier has an operating angle of more
than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees when driven by a sine
wave signal?
   A. Class A
   B. Class B
   C. Class C
   D. Class AB

4AG-3.1 What is an ++++L-network++++?
   A. A network consisting entirely of four inductors
   B. A network consisting of an inductor and a capacitor
   C. A network used to generate a leading phase angle
   D. A network used to generate a lagging phase angle

4AG-3.2 What is a ++++pi-network++++?
   A. A network consisting entirely of four inductors or four
capacitors
   B. A Power Incidence network
   C. An antenna matching network that is isolated from ground
   D. A network consisting of one inductor and two capacitors or
two inductors and one capacitor

4AG-3.3 What is a ++++pi-L-network++++?
   A. A Phase Inverter Load network
   B. A network consisting of two inductors and two capacitors
   C. A network with only three discrete parts
   D. A matching network in which all components are isolated
from ground

4AG-3.4 Does the L-, pi-, or pi-L-network provide the greatest
harmonic suppression?
   A. L-network
   B. Pi-network
   C. Inverse L-network
   D. Pi-L-network

4AG-3.5 What are the three most commonly used networks to
accomplish a match between an amplifying device and a
transmission line?
   A. M-network, pi-network and T-network
   B. T-network, M-network and Q-network
   C. L-network, pi-network and pi-L-network
   D. L-network, M-network and C-network

4AG-3.6 How are networks able to transform one impedance to
another?
   A. Resistances in the networks substitute for resistances in
the load
   B. The matching network introduces negative resistance to
cancel the resistive part of an impedance
   C. The matching network introduces transconductance to cancel
the reactive part of an impedance
   D. The matching network can cancel the reactive part of an
impedance and change the value of the resistive part of an
impedance

4AG-3.7 Which type of network offers the greater transformation
ratio?
   A. L-network
   B. Pi-network
   C. Constant-K
   D. Constant-M

4AG-3.8 Why is the L-network of limited utility in impedance
matching?
   A. It matches a small impedance range
   B. It has limited power handling capabilities
   C. It is thermally unstable
   D. It is prone to self resonance

4AG-3.9 What is an advantage of using a pi-L-network instead of a
pi-network for impedance matching between the final amplifier of
a vacuum-tube type transmitter and a multiband antenna?
   A. Greater transformation range
   B. Higher efficiency
   C. Lower losses
   D. Greater harmonic suppression

4AG-3.10 Which type of network provides the greatest harmonic
suppression?
   A. L-network
   B. Pi-network
   C. Pi-L-network
   D. Inverse-Pi network

4AG-4.1 What are the three general groupings of filters?
   A. High-pass, low-pass and band-pass
   B. Inductive, capacitive and resistive
   C. Audio, radio and capacitive
   D. Hartley, Colpitts and Pierce

4AG-4.2 What is a ++++constant-K filter++++?
   A. A filter that uses Boltzmann's constant
   B. A filter whose velocity factor is constant over a wide
range of frequencies
   C. A filter whose product of the series- and shunt-element
impedances is a constant for all frequencies
   D. A filter whose input impedance varies widely over the
design bandwidth

4AG-4.3 What is an advantage of a constant-k filter?
   A. It has high attenuation for signals on frequencies far
removed from the passband
   B. It can match impedances over a wide range of frequencies
   C. It uses elliptic functions
   D. The ratio of the cutoff frequency to the trap frequency can
be varied

4AG-4.4 What is an ++++m-derived filter++++?
   A. A filter whose input impedance varies widely over the
design bandwidth
   B. A filter whose product of the series- and shunt-element
impedances is a constant for all frequencies
   C. A filter whose schematic shape is the letter "M"
   D. A filter that uses a trap to attenuate undesired
frequencies too near cutoff for a constant-k filter.

4AG-4.5 What are the distinguishing features of a Butterworth
filter?
   A. A filter whose product of the series- and shunt-element
impedances is a constant for all frequencies
   B. It only requires capacitors
   C. It has a maximally flat response over its passband
   D. It requires only inductors

4AG-4.6 What are the distinguishing features of a Chebyshev
filter?
   A. It has a maximally flat response over its passband
   B. It allows ripple in the passband
   C. It only requires inductors
   D. A filter whose product of the series- and shunt-element
impedances is a constant for all frequencies

4AG-4.7 When would it be more desirable to use an m-derived
filter over a constant-k filter?
   A. When the response must be maximally flat at one frequency
   B. When you need more attenuation at a certain frequency that
is too close to the cut-off frequency for a constant-k filter
   C. When the number of components must be minimized
   D. When high power levels must be filtered

4AG-5.1 What condition must exist for a circuit to oscillate?
   A. It must have a gain of less than 1
   B. It must be neutralized
   C. It must have positive feedback sufficient to overcome
losses
   D. It must have negative feedback sufficient to cancel the
input

4AG-5.2 What are three major oscillator circuits often used in
amateur radio equipment?
   A. Taft, Pierce and negative feedback
   B. Colpitts, Hartley and Taft
   C. Taft, Hartley and Pierce
   D. Colpitts, Hartley and Pierce

4AG-5.3 How is the positive feedback coupled to the input in a
Hartley oscillator?
   A. Through a neutralizing capacitor
   B. Through a capacitive divider
   C. Through link coupling
   D. Through a tapped coil

4AG-5.4 How is the positive feedback coupled to the input in a
Colpitts oscillator?
   A. Through a tapped coil
   B. Through link coupling
   C. Through a capacitive divider
   D. Through a neutralizing capacitor

4AG-5.5 How is the positive feedback coupled to the input in a
Pierce oscillator?
   A. Through a tapped coil
   B. Through link coupling
   C. Through a capacitive divider
   D. Through capacitive coupling

4AG-5.6 Which of the three major oscillator circuits used in
amateur radio equipment utilizes a quartz crystal?
   A. Negative feedback
   B. Hartley
   C. Colpitts
   D. Pierce

4AG-5.7 What is the ++++piezoelectric effect++++?
   A. Mechanical vibration of a crystal by the application of a
voltage
   B. Mechanical deformation of a crystal by the application of a
magnetic field
   C. The generation of electrical energy by the application of
light
   D. Reversed conduction states when a P-N junction is exposed
to light

4AG-5.8 What is the major advantage of a Pierce oscillator?
   A. It is easy to neutralize
   B. It doesn't require an LC tank circuit
   C. It can be tuned over a wide range
   D. It has a high output power

4AG-5.9 Which type of oscillator circuit is commonly used in a
VFO?
   A. Pierce
   B. Colpitts
   C. Hartley
   D. Negative feedback

4AG-5.10 Why is the Colpitts oscillator circuit commonly used in
a VFO?
   A. The frequency is a linear function of the load impedance
   B. It can be used with or without crystal lock-in
   C. It is stable
   D. It has high output power

4AG-6.1 What is meant by the term ++++modulation++++?
   A. The squelching of a signal until a critical signal-to-noise
ratio is reached
   B. Carrier rejection through phase nulling
   C. A linear amplification mode
   D. A mixing process whereby information is imposed upon a
carrier

4AG-6.2 How is an F3E FM-phone emission produced?
   A. With a balanced modulator on the audio amplifier
   B. With a reactance modulator on the oscillator
   C. With a reactance modulator on the final amplifier
   D. With a balanced modulator on the oscillator

4AG-6.3 What is a ++++reactance modulator++++?
   A. A circuit that acts as a variable resistance or capacitance
to produce FM signals
   B. A circuit that acts as a variable resistance or capacitance
to produce AM signals
   C. A circuit that acts as a variable inductance or capacitance
to produce FM signals
   D. A circuit that acts as a variable inductance or capacitance
to produce AM signals

4AG-6.4 What is a ++++balanced modulator++++?
   A. An FM modulator that produces a balanced deviation
   B. A modulator that produces a double sideband, suppressed
carrier signal
   C. A modulator that produces a single sideband, suppressed
carrier signal
   D. A modulator that produces a full carrier signal

4AG-6.5 How can a single-sideband phone signal be generated?
   A. By driving a product detector with a DSB signal
   B. By using a reactance modulator followed by a mixer
   C. By using a loop modulator followed by a mixer
   D. By using a balanced modulator followed by a filter

4AG-6.6 How can a double-sideband phone signal be generated?
   A. By feeding a phase modulated signal into a low pass filter
   B. By using a balanced modulator followed by a filter
   C. By detuning a Hartley oscillator
   D. By modulating the plate voltage of a class C amplifier

4AG-7.1 How is the efficiency of a power amplifier determined?
   A. Efficiency = (RF power out / DC power in) X 100%
   B. Efficiency = (RF power in / RF power out) X 100%
   C. Efficiency = (RF power in / DC power in) X 100%
   D. Efficiency = (DC power in / RF power in) X 100%

4AG-7.2 For reasonably efficient operation of a vacuum-tube Class
C amplifier, what should the plate-load resistance be with 1500-
volts at the plate and 500-milliamperes plate current?
   A. 2000 ohms
   B. 1500 ohms
   C. 4800 ohms
   D. 480 ohms

4AG-7.3 For reasonably efficient operation of a vacuum-tube Class
B amplifier, what should the plate-load resistance be with 800-
volts at the plate and 75-milliamperes plate current?
   A. 679.4 ohms
   B. 60 ohms
   C. 6794 ohms
   D. 10,667 ohms

4AG-7.4 For reasonably efficient operation of a vacuum-tube Class
A amplifier, what should the plate-load resistance be with 250-
volts at the plate and 25-milliamperes plate current?
   A. 7692 ohms
   B. 3250 ohms
   C. 325 ohms
   D. 769.2 ohms

4AG-7.5 For reasonably efficient operation of a transistor
amplifier, what should the load resistance be with 12-volts at
the collector and 5 watts power output?
   A. 100.3 ohms
   B. 14.4 ohms
   C. 10.3 ohms
   D. 144 ohms

4AG-7.6 What is the ++++flywheel effect++++?
   A. The continued motion of a radio wave through space when the
transmitter is turned off
   B. The back and forth oscillation of electrons in an LC
circuit
   C. The use of a capacitor in a power supply to filter
rectified AC
   D. The transmission of a radio signal to a distant station by
several hops through the ionosphere

4AG-7.7 How can a power amplifier be neutralized?
   A. By increasing the grid drive
   B. By feeding back an in-phase component of the output to the
input
   C. By feeding back an out-of-phase component of the output to
the input
   D. By feeding back an out-of-phase component of the input to
the output

4AG-7.8 What order of Q is required by a tank-circuit sufficient
to reduce harmonics to an acceptable level?
   A. Approximately 120
   B. Approximately 12
   C. Approximately 1200
   D. Approximately 1.2

4AG-7.9 How can parasitic oscillations be eliminated from a power
amplifier?
   A. By tuning for maximum SWR
   B. By tuning for maximum power output
   C. By neutralization
   D. By tuning the output

4AG-7.10 What is the procedure for tuning a power amplifier
having an output pi-network?
   A. Adjust the loading capacitor to maximum capacitance and
then dip the plate current with the tuning capacitor
   B. Alternately increase the plate current with the tuning
capacitor and dip the plate current with the loading capacitor
   C. Adjust the tuning capacitor to maximum capacitance and then
dip the plate current with the loading capacitor
   D. Alternately increase the plate current with the loading
capacitor and dip the plate current with the tuning capacitor

4AG-8.1 What is the process of ++++detection++++?
   A. The process of masking out the intelligence on a received
carrier to make an S-meter operational
   B. The recovery of intelligence from the modulated RF signal
   C. The modulation of a carrier
   D. The mixing of noise with the received signal

4AG-8.2 What is the principle of detection in a diode detector?
   A. Rectification and filtering of RF
   B. Breakdown of the Zener voltage
   C. Mixing with noise in the transition region of the diode
   D. The change of reactance in the diode with respect to
frequency

4AG-8.3 What is a ++++product detector++++?
   A. A detector that provides local oscillations for input to
the mixer
   B. A detector that amplifies and narrows the band-pass
frequencies
   C. A detector that uses a mixing process with a locally
generated carrier
   D. A detector used to detect cross-modulation products

4AG-8.4 How are FM-phone signals detected?
   A. By a balanced modulator
   B. By a frequency discriminator
   C. By a product detector
   D. By a phase splitter

4AG-8.5 What is a ++++frequency discriminator++++?
   A. A circuit for detecting FM signals
   B. A circuit for filtering two closely adjacent signals
   C. An automatic bandswitching circuit
   D. An FM generator

4AG-8.6 What is the ++++mixing process++++?
   A. The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase
comparison
   B. The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase
differentiation
   C. Distortion caused by auroral propagation
   D. The combination of two signals to produce sum and
difference frequencies

4AG-8.7 What are the principal frequencies which appear at the
output of a mixer circuit?
   A. Two and four times the original frequency
   B. The sum, difference and square root of the input
frequencies
   C. The original frequencies and the sum and difference
frequencies
   D. 1.414 and 0.707 times the input frequency

4AG-8.8 What are the advantages of the frequency-conversion
process?
   A. Automatic squelching and increased selectivity
   B. Increased selectivity and optimal tuned-circuit design
   C. Automatic soft limiting and automatic squelching
   D. Automatic detection in the RF amplifier and increased
selectivity

4AG-8.9 What occurs in a receiver when an excessive amount of
signal energy reaches the mixer circuit?
   A. Spurious mixer products are generated
   B. Mixer blanking occurs
   C. Automatic limiting occurs
   D. A beat frequency is generated

4AG-9.1 How much gain should be used in the RF amplifier stage of
a receiver?
   A. As much gain as possible short of self oscillation
   B. Sufficient gain to allow weak signals to overcome noise
generated in the first mixer stage
   C. Sufficient gain to keep weak signals below the noise of the
first mixer stage
   D. It depends on the amplification factor of the first IF
stage

4AG-9.2 Why should the RF amplifier stage of a receiver only have
sufficient gain to allow weak signals to overcome noise generated
in the first mixer stage?
   A. To prevent the sum and difference frequencies from being
generated
   B. To prevent bleed-through of the desired signal
   C. To prevent the generation of spurious mixer products
   D. To prevent bleed-through of the local oscillator

4AG-9.3 What is the primary purpose of an RF amplifier in a
receiver?
   A. To provide most of the receiver gain
   B. To vary the receiver image rejection by utilizing the AGC
   C. To improve the receiver's noise figure
   D. To develop the AGC voltage

4AG-9.4 What is an ++++i-f amplifier stage++++?
   A. A fixed-tuned pass-band amplifier
   B. A receiver demodulator
   C. A receiver filter
   D. A buffer oscillator

4AG-9.5 What factors should be considered when selecting an
intermediate frequency?
   A. Cross-modulation distortion and interference
   B. Interference to other services
   C. Image rejection and selectivity
   D. Noise figure and distortion

4AG-9.6 What is the primary purpose of the first i-f amplifier
stage in a receiver?
   A. Noise figure performance
   B. Tune out cross-modulation distortion
   C. Dynamic response
   D. Selectivity

4AG-9.7 What is the primary purpose of the final i-f amplifier
stage in a receiver?
   A. Dynamic response
   B. Gain
   C. Noise figure performance
   D. Bypass undesired signals

4AG-10.1 What type of circuit is shown in Figure 4AG-10 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. Switching voltage regulator
   B. Linear voltage regulator
   C. Common emitter amplifier
   D. Emitter follower amplifier

4AG-10.2 In Figure 4AG-10, what is the purpose of R1 and R2 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. Load resistors
   B. Fixed bias
   C. Self bias
   D. Feedback

4AG-10.3 In Figure 4AG-10, what is the purpose of C1 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. Decoupling
   B. Output coupling
   C. Self bias
   D. Input coupling

4AG-10.4 In Figure 4AG-10, what is the purpose of C3 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. AC feedback
   B. Input coupling
   C. Power supply decoupling
   D. Emitter bypass

4AG-10.5 In Figure 4AG-10, what is the purpose of R3 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. Fixed bias
   B. Emitter bypass
   C. Output load resistor
   D. Self bias

4AG-11.1 What type of circuit is shown in Figure 4AG-11 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. High-gain amplifier
   B. Common-collector amplifier
   C. Linear voltage regulator
   D. Grounded-emitter amplifier

4AG-11.2 In Figure 4AG-11, what is the purpose of R [see graphics addendum]?
   A. Emitter load
   B. Fixed bias
   C. Collector load
   D. Voltage regulation

4AG-11.3 In Figure 4AG-11, what is the purpose of C1 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. Input coupling
   B. Output coupling
   C. Emitter bypass
   D. Collector bypass

4AG-11.4 In Figure 4AG-11, what is the purpose of C2 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. Output coupling
   B. Emitter bypass
   C. Input coupling
   D. Hum filtering

4AG-12.1 What type of circuit is shown in Figure 4AG-12
[see graphics addendum]?
   A. Switching voltage regulator
   B. Grounded emitter amplifier
   C. Linear voltage regulator
   D. Emitter follower

4AG-12.2 What is the purpose of D1 in the circuit shown in Figure
4AG-12 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. Line voltage stabilization
   B. Voltage reference
   C. Peak clipping
   D. Hum filtering

4AG-12.3 What is the purpose of Q1 in the circuit shown in Figure
4AG-12 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. It increases the output ripple
   B. It provides a constant load for the voltage source
   C. It increases the current handling capability
   D. It provides D1 with current

4AG-12.4 What is the purpose of C1 in the circuit shown in Figure
4AG-12 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. It resonates at the ripple frequency
   B. It provides fixed bias for Q1
   C. It decouples the output
   D. It filters the supply voltage

4AG-12.5 What is the purpose of C2 in the circuit shown in Figure
4AG-12 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. It bypasses hum around D1
   B. It is a brute force filter for the output
   C. To self resonate at the hum frequency
   D. To provide fixed DC bias for Q1

4AG-12.6 What is the purpose of C3 in the circuit shown in Figure
4AG-12 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. It prevents self-oscillation
   B. It provides brute force filtering of the output
   C. It provides fixed bias for Q1
   D. It clips the peaks of the ripple

4AG-12.7 What is the purpose of R1 in the circuit shown in Figure
4AG-12 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. It provides a constant load to the voltage source
   B. It couples hum to D1
   C. It supplies current to D1
   D. It bypasses hum around D1

4AG-12.8 What is the purpose of R2 in the circuit shown in Figure
4AG-12 [see graphics addendum]?
   A. It provides fixed bias for Q1
   B. It provides fixed bias for D1
   C. It decouples hum from D1
   D. It provides a constant minimum load for Q1

4AG-13.1 What value capacitor would be required to tune a 20-
microhenry inductor to resonate in the 80-meter wavelength band?
   A. 150 picofarads
   B. 200 picofarads
   C. 100 picofarads
   D. 100 microfarads

4AG-13.2 What value inductor would be required to tune a 100-
picofarad capacitor to resonate in the 40-meter wavelength band?
   A. 200 microhenrys
   B. 150 microhenrys
   C. 5 millihenrys
   D. 5 microhenrys

4AG-13.3 What value capacitor would be required to tune a 2-
microhenry inductor to resonate in the 20-meter wavelength band?
   A. 64 picofarads
   B. 6 picofarads
   C. 12 picofarads
   D. 88 microfarads

4AG-13.4 What value inductor would be required to tune a 15-
picofarad capacitor to resonate in the 15-meter wavelength band?
   A. 2 microhenrys
   B. 30 microhenrys
   C. 4 microhenrys
   D. 15 microhenrys

4AG-13.5 What value capacitor would be required to tune a 100-
microhenry inductor to resonate in the 160-meter wavelength band?
   A. 78 picofarads
   B. 25 picofarads
   C. 405 picofarads
   D. 40.5 microfarads

4AH-1.1 What is emission ++++A3C++++?
   A. Facsimile
   B. RTTY
   C. ATV
   D. Slow Scan TV

4AH-1.2 What type of emission is produced when an amplitude
modulated transmitter is modulated by a facsimile signal?
   A. A3F
   B. A3C
   C. F3F
   D. F3C

4AH-1.3 What is ++++facsimile++++?
   A. The transmission of tone-modulated telegraphy
   B. The transmission of a pattern of printed characters
designed to form a picture
   C. The transmission of printed pictures by electrical means
   D. The transmission of moving pictures by electrical means

4AH-1.4 What is emission ++++F3C++++?
   A. Voice transmission
   B. Slow Scan TV
   C. RTTY
   D. Facsimile

4AH-1.5 What type of emission is produced when a frequency
modulated transmitter is modulated by a facsimile signal?
   A. F3C
   B. A3C
   C. F3F
   D. A3F

4AH-1.6 What is emission ++++A3F++++?
   A. RTTY
   B. Television
   C. SSB
   D. Modulated CW

4AH-1.7 What type of emission is produced when an amplitude
modulated transmitter is modulated by a television signal?
   A. F3F
   B. A3F
   C. A3C
   D. F3C

4AH-1.8 What is emission ++++F3F++++?
   A. Modulated CW
   B. Facsimile
   C. RTTY
   D. Television

4AH-1.9 What type of emission is produced when a frequency
modulated transmitter is modulated by a television signal?
   A. A3F
   B. A3C
   C. F3F
   D. F3C

4AH-1.10 What type of emission results when a single sideband
transmitter is used for slow-scan television?
   A. J3A
   B. F3F
   C. A3F
   D. J3F

4AH-2.1 How can an FM-phone signal be produced?
   A. By modulating the supply voltage to a class-B amplifier
   B. By modulating the supply voltage to a class-C amplifier
   C. By using a reactance modulator on an oscillator
   D. By using a balanced modulator on an oscillator

4AH-2.2 How can a double-sideband phone signal be produced?
   A. By using a reactance modulator on an oscillator
   B. By varying the voltage to the varactor in an oscillator
circuit
   C. By using a phase detector, oscillator and filter in a
feedback loop
   D. By modulating the plate supply voltage to a class C
amplifier

4AH-2.3 How can a single-sideband phone signal be produced?
   A. By producing a double sideband signal with a balanced
modulator and then removing the unwanted sideband by filtering
   B. By producing a double sideband signal with a balanced
modulator and then removing the unwanted sideband by heterodyning
   C. By producing a double sideband signal with a balanced
modulator and then removing the unwanted sideband by mixing
   D. By producing a double sideband signal with a balanced
modulator and then removing the unwanted sideband by
neutralization

4AH-3.1 What is meant by the term ++++deviation ratio++++?
   A. The ratio of the audio modulating frequency to the center
carrier frequency
   B. The ratio of the maximum carrier frequency deviation to the
highest audio modulating frequency
   C. The ratio of the carrier center frequency to the audio
modulating frequency
   D. The ratio of the highest audio modulating frequency to the
average audio modulating frequency

4AH-3.2 In an FM-phone signal, what is the term for the maximum
deviation from the carrier frequency divided by the maximum audio
modulating frequency?
   A. Deviation index
   B. Modulation index
   C. Deviation ratio
   D. Modulation ratio

4AH-3.3 What is the deviation ratio for an FM-phone signal having
a maximum frequency swing of plus or minus 5 kHz and accepting a
maximum modulation rate of 3 kHz?
   A. 60
   B. 0.16
   C. 0.6
   D. 1.66

4AH-3.4 What is the deviation ratio of an FM-phone signal having
a maximum frequency swing of plus or minus 7.5 kHz and accepting
a maximum modulation rate of 3.5 kHz?
   A. 2.14
   B. 0.214
   C. 0.47
   D. 47

4AH-4.1 What is meant by the term ++++modulation index++++?
   A. The processor index
   B. The ratio between the deviation of a frequency modulated
signal and the modulating frequency
   C. The FM signal-to-noise ratio
   D. The ratio of the maximum carrier frequency deviation to the
highest audio modulating frequency

4AH-4.2 In an FM-phone signal, what is the term for the ratio
between the deviation of the frequency-modulated signal and the
modulating frequency?
   A. FM compressibility
   B. Quieting index
   C. Percentage of modulation
   D. Modulation index

4AH-4.3 How does the modulation index of a phase-modulated
emission vary with the modulated frequency?
   A. The modulation index increases as the RF carrier frequency
(the modulated frequency) increases
   B. The modulation index decreases as the RF carrier frequency
(the modulated frequency) increases
   C. The modulation index varies with the square root of the RF
carrier frequency (the modulated frequency)
   D. The modulation index does not depend on the RF carrier
frequency (the modulated frequency)

4AH-4.4 In an FM-phone signal having a maximum frequency
deviation of 3000 Hz either side of the carrier frequency, what
is the modulation index when the modulating frequency is 1000 Hz?
   A. 3
   B. 0.3
   C. 3000
   D. 1000

4AH-4.5 What is the modulation index of an FM-phone transmitter
producing an instantaneous carrier deviation of 6 kHz when
modulated with a 2-kHz modulating frequency?
   A. 6000
   B. 3
   C. 2000
   D. 1/3

4AH-5.1 What are ++++electromagnetic waves++++?
   A. Alternating currents in the core of an electromagnet
   B. A wave consisting of two electric fields at right angles to
each other
   C. A wave consisting of an electric field and a magnetic field
at right angles to each other
   D. A wave consisting of two magnetic fields at right angles to
each other

4AH-5.2 What is a ++++wave front++++?
   A. A voltage pulse in a conductor
   B. A current pulse in a conductor
   C. A voltage pulse across a resistor
   D. A fixed point in an electromagnetic wave

4AH-5.3 At what speed do electromagnetic waves travel in free
space?
   A. Approximately 300 million meters per second
   B. Approximately 468 million meters per second
   C. Approximately 186,300 feet per second
   D. Approximately 300 million miles per second

4AH-5.4 What are the two interrelated fields considered to make
up an electromagnetic wave?
   A. An electric field and a current field
   B. An electric field and a magnetic field
   C. An electric field and a voltage field
   D. A voltage field and a current field

4AH-5.5 Why do electromagnetic waves not penetrate a good
conductor to any great extent?
   A. The electromagnetic field induces currents in the insulator
   B. The oxide on the conductor surface acts as a shield
   C. Because of Eddy currents
   D. The resistivity of the conductor dissipates the field

4AH-6.1 What is meant by referring to electromagnetic waves
traveling in free space?
   A. The electric and magnetic fields eventually become aligned
   B. Propagation in a medium with a high refractive index
   C. The electromagnetic wave encounters the ionosphere and
returns to its source
   D. Propagation of energy across a vacuum by changing electric
and magnetic fields

4AH-6.2 What is meant by referring to electromagnetic waves as
++++horizontally polarized++++?
   A. The electric field is parallel to the earth
   B. The magnetic field is parallel to the earth
   C. Both the electric and magnetic fields are horizontal
   D. Both the electric and magnetic fields are vertical

4AH-6.3 What is meant by referring to electromagnetic waves as
having ++++circular polarization++++?
   A. The electric field is bent into a circular shape
   B. The electric field rotates
   C. The electromagnetic wave continues to circle the earth
   D. The electromagnetic wave has been generated by a quad
antenna

4AH-6.4 When the electric field is perpendicular to the surface
of the earth, what is the polarization of the electromagnetic
wave?
   A. Circular
   B. Horizontal
   C. Vertical
   D. Elliptical

4AH-6.5 When the magnetic field is parallel to the surface of the
earth, what is the polarization of the electromagnetic wave?
   A. Circular
   B. Horizontal
   C. Elliptical
   D. Vertical

4AH-6.6 When the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface
of the earth, what is the polarization of the electromagnetic
field?
   A. Horizontal
   B. Circular
   C. Elliptical
   D. Vertical

4AH-6.7 When the electric field is parallel to the surface of the
earth, what is the polarization of the electromagnetic wave?
   A. Vertical
   B. Horizontal
   C. Circular
   D. Elliptical

4AH-7.1 What is a ++++sine wave++++?
   A. A constant-voltage, varying-current wave
   B. A wave whose amplitude at any given instant can be
represented by a point on a wheel rotating at a uniform speed
   C. A wave following the laws of the trigonometric tangent
function
   D. A wave whose polarity changes in a random manner

4AH-7.2 How many times does a sine wave cross the zero axis in
one complete cycle?
   A. 180 times
   B. 4 times
   C. 2 times
   D. 360 times

4AH-7.3 How many degrees are there in one complete sine wave
cycle?
   A. 90 degrees
   B. 270 degrees
   C. 180 degrees
   D. 360 degrees

4AH-7.4 What is the ++++period++++ of a wave?
   A. The time required to complete one cycle
   B. The number of degrees in one cycle
   C. The number of zero crossings in one cycle
   D. The amplitude of the wave

4AH-7.5 What is a ++++square++++ wave?
   A. A wave with only 300 degrees in one cycle
   B. A wave which abruptly changes back and forth between two
voltage levels and which remains an equal time at each level
   C. A wave that makes four zero crossings per cycle
   D. A wave in which the positive and negative excursions occupy
unequal portions of the cycle time

4AH-7.6 What is a wave called which abruptly changes back and
forth between two voltage levels and which remains an equal time
at each level?
   A. A sine wave
   B. A cosine wave
   C. A square wave
   D. A rectangular wave

4AH-7.7 Which sine waves make up a square wave?
   A. 0.707 times the fundamental frequency
   B. The fundamental frequency and all odd and even harmonics
   C. The fundamental frequency and all even harmonics
   D. The fundamental frequency and all odd harmonics

4AH-7.8 What type of wave is made up of sine waves of the
fundamental frequency and all the odd harmonics?
   A. Square wave
   B. Sine wave
   C. Cosine wave
   D. Tangent wave

4AH-7.9 What is a ++++sawtooth++++ wave?
   A. A wave that alternates between two values and spends an
equal time at each level
   B. A wave with a straight line rise time faster than the fall
time (or vice versa)
   C. A wave that produces a phase angle tangent to the unit
circle
   D. A wave whose amplitude at any given instant can be
represented by a point on a wheel rotating at a uniform speed

4AH-7.10 What type of wave is characterized by a rise time
significantly faster than the fall time (or vice versa)?
   A. A cosine wave
   B. A square wave
   C. A sawtooth wave
   D. A sine wave

4AH-7.11 Which sine waves make up a sawtooth wave?
   A. The fundamental frequency and all prime harmonics
   B. The fundamental frequency and all even harmonics
   C. The fundamental frequency and all odd harmonics
   D. The fundamental frequency and all harmonics

4AH-7.12 What type of wave is made up of sine waves at the
fundamental frequency and all the harmonics?
   A. A sawtooth wave
   B. A square wave
   C. A sine wave
   D. A cosine wave

4AH-8.1 What is the meaning of the term ++++root mean square++++ value of
an AC voltage?
   A. The value of an AC voltage found by squaring the average
value of the peak AC voltage
   B. The value of a DC voltage that would cause the same heating
effect in a given resistor as a peak AC voltage
   C. The value of an AC voltage that would cause the same
heating effect in a given resistor as a DC voltage of the same
value
   D. The value of an AC voltage found by taking the square root
of the average AC value

4AH-8.2 What is the term used in reference to a DC voltage that
would cause the same heating in a resistor as a certain value of
AC voltage?
   A. Cosine voltage
   B. Power factor
   C. Root mean square
   D. Average voltage

4AH-8.3 What would be the most accurate way of determining the
rms voltage of a complex waveform?
   A. By using a grid dip meter
   B. By measuring the voltage with a D'Arsonval meter
   C. By using an absorption wavemeter
   D. By measuring the heating effect in a known resistor

4AH-8.4 What is the rms voltage at a common household electrical
power outlet?
   A. 117-V AC
   B. 331-V AC
   C. 82.7-V AC
   D. 165.5-V AC

4AH-8.5 What is the peak voltage at a common household electrical
outlet?
   A. 234 volts
   B. 165.5 volts
   C. 117 volts
   D. 331 volts

4AH-8.6 What is the peak-to-peak voltage at a common household
electrical outlet?
   A. 234 volts
   B. 117 volts
   C. 331 volts
   D. 165.5 volts

4AH-8.7 What is the rms voltage of a 165-volt peak pure sine
wave?
   A. 233-V AC
   B. 330-V AC
   C. 58.3-V AC
   D. 117-V AC

4AH-8.8 What is the rms value of a 331-volt peak-to-peak pure
sine wave?
   A. 117-V AC
   B. 165-V AC
   C. 234-V AC
   D. 300-V AC

4AH-9.1 For many types of voices, what is the ratio of PEP to
average power during a modulation peak in a single-sideband phone
signal?
   A. Approximately 1.0 to 1
   B. Approximately 25 to 1
   C. Approximately 2.5 to 1
   D. Approximately 100 to 1

4AH-9.2 In a single-sideband phone signal, what determines the
PEP-to-average power ratio?
   A. The frequency of the modulating signal
   B. The degree of carrier suppression
   C. The speech characteristics
   D. The amplifier power

4AH-9.3 What is the approximate DC input power to a Class B RF
power amplifier stage in an FM-phone transmitter when the PEP
output power is 1500 watts?
   A. Approximately 900 watts
   B. Approximately 1765 watts
   C. Approximately 2500 watts
   D. Approximately 3000 watts

4AH-9.4 What is the approximate DC input power to a Class C RF
power amplifier stage in a RTTY transmitter when the PEP output
power is 1000 watts?
   A. Approximately 850 watts
   B. Approximately 1250 watts
   C. Approximately 1667 watts
   D. Approximately 2000 watts

4AH-9.5 What is the approximate DC input power to a Class AB RF
power amplifier stage in an unmodulated carrier transmitter when
the PEP output power is 500 watts?
   A. Approximately 250 watts
   B. Approximately 600 watts
   C. Approximately 800 watts
   D. Approximately 1000 watts

4AH-10.1 Where is the noise generated which primarily determines
the signal-to-noise ratio in a 160-meter wavelength band
receiver?
   A. In the detector
   B. Man-made noise
   C. In the receiver front end
   D. In the atmosphere

4AH-10.2 Where is the noise generated which primarily determines
the signal-to-noise ratio in a 2-meter wavelength band receiver?
   A. In the receiver front end
   B. Man-made noise
   C. In the atmosphere
   D. In the ionosphere

4AH-10.3 Where is the noise generated which primarily determines
the signal-to-noise ratio in a 1.25-meter wavelength band
receiver?
   A. In the audio amplifier
   B. In the receiver front end
   C. In the ionosphere
   D. Man-made noise

4AH-10.4 Where is the noise generated which primarily determines
the signal-to-noise ratio in a 0.70-meter wavelength band
receiver?
   A. In the atmosphere
   B. In the ionosphere
   C. In the receiver front end
   D. Man-made noise

4AI-1.1 What is meant by the term ++++antenna gain++++?
   A. The numerical ratio relating the radiated signal strength
of an antenna to that of another antenna
   B. The ratio of the signal in the forward direction to the
signal in the back direction
   C. The ratio of the amount of power produced by the antenna
compared to the output power of the transmitter
   D. The final amplifier gain minus the transmission line losses
(including any phasing lines present)

4AI-1.2 What is the term for a numerical ratio which relates the
performance of one antenna to that of another real or theoretical
antenna?
   A. Effective radiated power
   B. Antenna gain
   C. Conversion gain
   D. Peak effective power

4AI-1.3 What is meant by the term ++++antenna bandwidth++++?
   A. Antenna length divided by the number of elements
   B. The frequency range over which an antenna can be expected
to perform well
   C. The angle between the half-power radiation points
   D. The angle formed between two imaginary lines drawn through
the ends of the elements

4AI-1.4 How can the approximate beamwidth of a rotatable beam
antenna be determined?
   A. Note the two points where the signal strength of the
antenna is down 3 dB from the maximum signal point and compute
the angular difference
   B. Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated
power lobes from the front and rear of the antenna
   C. Draw two imaginary lines through the ends of the elements
and measure the angle between the lines
   D. Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated
power lobes from the front and side of the antenna

4AI-2.1 What is a ++++trap antenna++++?
   A. An antenna for rejecting interfering signals
   B. A highly sensitive antenna with maximum gain in all
directions
   C. An antenna capable of being used on more than one band
because of the presence of parallel LC networks
   D. An antenna with a large capture area

4AI-2.2 What is an advantage of using a trap antenna?
   A. It has high directivity in the high-frequency amateur bands
   B. It has high gain
   C. It minimizes harmonic radiation
   D. It may be used for multiband operation

4AI-2.3 What is a disadvantage of using a trap antenna?
   A. It will radiate harmonics
   B. It can only be used for single band operation
   C. It is too sharply directional at the lower amateur
frequencies
   D. It must be neutralized

4AI-2.4 What is the principle of a trap antenna?
   A. Beamwidth may be controlled by non-linear impedances
   B. The traps form a high impedance to isolate parts of the
antenna
   C. The effective radiated power can be increased if the space
around the antenna "sees" a high impedance
   D. The traps increase the antenna gain

4AI-3.1 What is a parasitic element of an antenna?
   A. An element polarized 90 degrees opposite the driven element
   B. An element dependent on the antenna structure for support
   C. An element that receives its excitation from mutual
coupling rather than from a transmission line
   D. A transmission line that radiates radio-frequency energy

4AI-3.2 How does a parasitic element generate an electromagnetic
field?
   A. By the RF current received from a connected transmission
line
   B. By interacting with the earth's magnetic field
   C. By altering the phase of the current on the driven element
   D. By currents induced into the element from a surrounding
electric field

4AI-3.3 How does the length of the reflector element of a
parasitic element beam antenna compare with that of the driven
element?
   A. It is about 5% longer
   B. It is about 5% shorter
   C. It is twice as long
   D. It is one-half as long

4AI-3.4 How does the length of the director element of a
parasitic element beam antenna compare with that of the driven
element?
   A. It is about 5% longer
   B. It is about 5% shorter
   C. It is one-half as long
   D. It is twice as long

4AI-4.1 What is meant by the term ++++radiation resistance++++ for an
antenna?
   A. Losses in the antenna elements and feed line
   B. The specific impedance of the antenna
   C. An equivalent resistance that would dissipate the same
amount of power as that radiated from an antenna
   D. The resistance in the trap coils to received signals

4AI-4.2 What is the term used for an equivalent resistance which
would dissipate the same amount of energy as that radiated from
an antenna?
   A. Space resistance
   B. Loss resistance
   C. Transmission line loss
   D. Radiation resistance

4AI-4.3 Why is the value of the radiation resistance of an
antenna important?
   A. Knowing the radiation resistance makes it possible to match
impedances for maximum power transfer
   B. Knowing the radiation resistance makes it possible to
measure the near-field radiation density from a transmitting
antenna
   C. The value of the radiation resistance represents the front-
to-side ratio of the antenna
   D. The value of the radiation resistance represents the front-
to-back ratio of the antenna

4AI-4.4 What are the factors that determine the radiation
resistance of an antenna?
   A. Transmission line length and height of antenna
   B. The location of the antenna with respect to nearby objects
and the length/diameter ratio of the conductors
   C. It is a constant for all antennas since it is a physical
constant
   D. Sunspot activity and the time of day

4AI-5.1 What is a ++++driven element++++ of an antenna?
   A. Always the rearmost element
   B. Always the forwardmost element
   C. The element fed by the transmission line
   D. The element connected to the rotator

4AI-5.2 What is the usual electrical length of a driven element
in an HF beam antenna?
   A. 1/4 wavelength
   B. 1/2 wavelength
   C. 3/4 wavelength
   D. 1 wavelength

4AI-5.3 What is the term for an antenna element which is supplied
power from a transmitter through a transmission line?
   A. Driven element
   B. Director element
   C. Reflector element
   D. Parasitic element

4AI-6.1 What is meant by the term ++++antenna efficiency++++?
   A. Efficiency = (radiation resistance / transmission resistance) X 100%
   B. Efficiency = (radiation resistance / total resistance) X 100%
   C. Efficiency = (total resistance / radiation resistance) X 100%
   D. Efficiency = (effective radiated power / transmitter output) X 100%

4AI-6.2 What is the term for the ratio of the radiation
resistance of an antenna to the total resistance of the system?
   A. Effective radiated power
   B. Radiation conversion loss
   C. Antenna efficiency
   D. Beamwidth

4AI-6.3 What is included in the total resistance of an antenna
system?
   A. Radiation resistance plus space impedance
   B. Radiation resistance plus transmission resistance
   C. Transmission line resistance plus radiation resistance
   D. Radiation resistance plus ohmic resistance

4AI-6.4 How can the antenna efficiency of an HF grounded vertical
antenna be made comparable to that of a half-wave antenna?
   A. By installing a good ground radial system
   B. By isolating the coax shield from ground
   C. By shortening the vertical
   D. By lengthening the vertical

4AI-6.5 Why does a half-wave antenna operate at very high
efficiency?
   A. Because it is non-resonant
   B. Because the conductor resistance is low compared to the
radiation resistance
   C. Because earth-induced currents add to its radiated power
   D. Because it has less corona from the element ends than other
types of antennas

4AI-7.1 What is a ++++folded dipole++++ antenna?
   A. A dipole that is one-quarter wavelength long
   B. A ground plane antenna
   C. A dipole whose ends are connected by another one-half
wavelength piece of wire
   D. A fictional antenna used in theoretical discussions to
replace the radiation resistance

4AI-7.2 How does the bandwidth of a folded dipole antenna compare
with that of a simple dipole antenna?
   A. It is 0.707 times the simple dipole bandwidth
   B. It is essentially the same
   C. It is less than 50% that of a simple dipole
   D. It is greater

4AI-7.3 What is the input terminal impedance at the center of a
folded dipole antenna?
   A. 300 ohms
   B. 72 ohms
   C. 50 ohms
   D. 450 ohms

4AI-8.1 What is the meaning of the term ++++velocity factor++++ of a
transmission line?
   A. The ratio of the characteristic impedance of the line to
the terminating impedance
   B. The index of shielding for coaxial cable
   C. The velocity of the wave on the transmission line
multiplied by the velocity of light in a vacuum
   D. The velocity of the wave on the transmission line divided
by the velocity of light in a vacuum

4AI-8.2 What is the term for the ratio of actual velocity at
which a signal travels through a line to the speed of light in a
vacuum?
   A. Velocity factor
   B. Characteristic impedance
   C. Surge impedance
   D. Standing wave ratio

4AI-8.3 What is the velocity factor for a typical coaxial cable?
   A. 2.70
   B. 0.66
   C. 0.30
   D. 0.10

4AI-8.4 What determines the velocity factor in a transmission
line?
   A. The termination impedance
   B. The line length
   C. Dielectrics in the line
   D. The center conductor resistivity

4AI-8.5 Why is the physical length of a coaxial cable
transmission line shorter than its electrical length?
   A. Skin effect is less pronounced in the coaxial cable
   B. RF energy moves slower along the coaxial cable
   C. The surge impedance is higher in the parallel feed line
   D. The characteristic impedance is higher in the parallel feed
line

4AI-9.1 What would be the physical length of a typical coaxial
transmission line which is electrically one-quarter wavelength
long at 14.1 MHz?
   A. 20 meters
   B. 3.51 meters
   C. 2.33 meters
   D. 0.25 meters

4AI-9.2 What would be the physical length of a typical coaxial
transmission line which is electrically one-quarter wavelength
long at 7.2 MHz?
   A. 10.5 meters
   B. 6.88 meters
   C. 24 meters
   D. 50 meters

4AI-9.3 What is the physical length of a parallel antenna
feedline which is electrically one-half wavelength long at 14.10
MHz? (assume a velocity factor of 0.82.)
   A. 15 meters
   B. 24.3 meters
   C. 8.7 meters
   D. 70.8 meters

4AI-9.4 What is the physical length of a twin lead transmission
feedline at 3.65 MHz? (assume a velocity factor of 0.80.)
   A. Electrical length times 0.8
   B. Electrical length divided by 0.8
   C. 80 meters
   D. 160 meters

4AI-10.1 In a half-wave antenna, where are the current nodes?
   A. At the ends
   B. At the center
   C. Three-quarters of the way from the feed point toward the
end
   D. One-half of the way from the feed point toward the end

4AI-10.2 In a half-wave antenna, where are the voltage nodes?
   A. At the ends
   B. At the feed point
   C. Three-quarters of the way from the feed point toward the
end
   D. One-half of the way from the feed point toward the end

4AI-10.3 At the ends of a half-wave antenna, what values of
current and voltage exist compared to the remainder of the
antenna?
   A. Equal voltage and current
   B. Minimum voltage and maximum current
   C. Maximum voltage and minimum current
   D. Minimum voltage and minimum current

4AI-10.4 At the center of a half-wave antenna, what values of
voltage and current exist compared to the remainder of the
antenna?
   A. Equal voltage and current
   B. Maximum voltage and minimum current
   C. Minimum voltage and minimum current
   D. Minimum voltage and maximum current

4AI-11.1 Why is the inductance required for a base loaded HF
mobile antenna less than that for an inductance placed further up
the whip?
   A. The capacitance to ground is less farther away from the
base
   B. The capacitance to ground is greater farther away from the
base
   C. The current is greater at the top
   D. The voltage is less at the top

4AI-11.2 What happens to the base feed point of a fixed length HF
mobile antenna as the frequency of operation is lowered?
   A. The resistance decreases and the capacitive reactance
decreases
   B. The resistance decreases and the capacitive reactance
increases
   C. The resistance increases and the capacitive reactance
decreases
   D. The resistance increases and the capacitive reactance
increases

4AI-11.3 Why should an HF mobile antenna loading coil have a high
ratio of reactance to resistance?
   A. To swamp out harmonics
   B. To maximize losses
   C. To minimize losses
   D. To minimize the Q

4AI-11.4 Why is a loading coil often used with an HF mobile
antenna?
   A. To improve reception
   B. To lower the losses
   C. To lower the Q
   D. To tune out the capacitive reactance

4AI-12.1 For a shortened vertical antenna, where should a loading
coil be placed to minimize losses and produce the most effective
performance?
   A. Near the center of the vertical radiator
   B. As low as possible on the vertical radiator
   C. As close to the transmitter as possible
   D. At a voltage node

4AI-12.2 What happens to the bandwidth of an antenna as it is
shortened through the use of loading coils?
   A. It is increased
   B. It is decreased
   C. No change occurs
   D. It becomes flat

4AI-12.3 Why are self-resonant antennas popular in amateur
stations?
   A. They are very broad banded
   B. They have high gain in all azimuthal directions
   C. They are the most efficient radiators
   D. They require no calculations

4AI-12.4 What is an advantage of using top loading in a shortened
HF vertical antenna?
   A. Lower Q
   B. Greater structural strength
   C. Higher losses
   D. Improved radiation efficiency